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Tergdaleuli
"Tergdaleuli" - Georgian social, political and literary current of the 60s of the XIX century. The "Tergdaleuli" were called conservative opponents of young Georgians educated in Russia, Georgian educators, some of whom, until the 1960s, had a semi-covert opposition to the old and demanded the introduction of the new in public life. From 1861-1862, part of the Tergdaleuli openly fought the Conservatives in the pages of the magazines Tsiskri and Sakartvelos Moambe. The struggle between the new ("Tergdaleuli") and old ("Mtkvardaleuli") generations over Georgian language and literature began. According to Ilia Chavchavadze's letter, a few words about Revaz Shalva's son Eristavi on Kazlov's "crazy translation" ("Tsiskari", 1861, № 4), which received a great response and gave the basis for e. წ. The struggle of "fathers" and "sons".

The Tergdaleuli program envisaged both national and social liberation of the Georgian people. They were well acquainted with the thought of political and public figures in Russia and Europe; Were aware of the ongoing political processes in the world. According to their program, the initial task was to gain autonomy within the Russian Empire and then to create an independent nation-state.

Issues related to the history and culture of Georgia, as well as contemporary political, social and economic issues were discussed in the magazines published by the Tergdaleuli.

The activities of the Tergdalens coincided with the strengthening of the policy of Russification. The Russian government even wanted to ban the term "Georgia" and only the Tbilisi and Kutaisi provinces could be mentioned in the press.

Ilia Chavchavadze and his supporters managed to continue the national cause even in this difficult period. Under their leadership, noble banks of Tbilisi and Kutaisi provinces were established. Most of the money raised by the bank was used to finance Georgian schools and theaters. In 1879, the "Society for the Promotion of Literacy among Georgians" was established (the first chairman was Dimitri Kipiani). Schools were opened with the help of the public, textbooks and other works were published, old manuscripts and folklore materials were collected, and care was taken for historical monuments.

In the 70s, the Tergdalens were divided into two groups. The group of Ilia Chavchavadze and his supporters (Akaki Tsereteli, Iakob Gogebashvili, Vazha-Pshavela, Alexander Kazbegi and others) was called the "First Band", and the group of Niko Nikoladze Giorgi Tsereteli Sergei Meskhi and others, who focused on social and economic problems. The second troupe ".