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 * 1) Apply the proper methods of documentation required to fulfill dental hygiene responsibilities.

-Dental charting is the graphic representation of the condition of the patient`s teeth on a specific date. Electronic charting and paper base must be easy to interpret and contain sufficient space for the complete recording of the data.

example: dentrix, eaglesoft, open dental, DOX

2. Demonstrate the use of different tooth numbering systems and the proper application of charting symbols.

-International- uses 2 digits to identify each tooth, one is the quadrant and the other is the specific tooth. example: molar (55)

-Universal- identifies numbers 1-32 (starting on the right side and ending on the lower right side) for permanent dentition and A-T for primary dentition (starting on the upper right side and ending on the lower right side.)

-Palmer- designates teeth by dividing teeth into quadrants. Quadrants are noted by the right angle symbol with the tooth number inside of it.

3. Discuss the classification of dental caries and restorations.

GV black came up with 6 classifications for dental caries and restorations.

Class I- pits and fissures (occlusal) of molars and premolars, facial and lingual pits and molars, and lingual pits of maxillary incisors.

Class II- interproximal caries or restorations on the surfaces of the premolars or molars involving 2 or more surfaces.

Class III- interproximal caries or restorations on the surfaces of the incisors or canines.

Class IV-caries or restorations on the surfaces of the teeth that include the proximal surfaces and the incisal angle.

Class V- caries or restorations on the gingival third of the facial or lingual surfaces of any tooth.

Class VI- caries or restoration on the incisal edge of anterior teeth or the cusp tips of posterior teeth

4. Recognizing hard tissue assessment methods including identification of signs and symptoms of dental caries, tooth damage, and clinically evident developmental anomalies.

Hard tissue should be systematically conducted with the most distal tooth in the maxillary right quadrant

-Visual assessment- evaluation of the location, color and surface texture.

-Radiographic assessment- includes the bitewing and periapical x-rays.

-Explorer assessment-continuing a hard tissue assessment for caries, using an explorer (no longer recommended)

-Emerging technologies:

a.fiberoptic translumination- digital imaging

b. digital imaging fiberoptic translumination

c. quantitative light indiced fluorescence

d. laser fluorescence

e. electrical caries monitor

5. Compare different malocclusion classifications.

Class I- as occurring as individual tooth or groups of teeth are not ideally positioned. example- problems with crowding, causing the teeth to be out of line within the dental arch.

Class II- the molar relationship is such as the mesiobuccal cusp of the permanent maxillary first molar is situated mesial to the mesiobuccal groove of the permanent mandibular first molar by at least the width of the premolar.

Class III- the molar relationship is such that the mesiobuccal cusp of the permanent maxillary first molar is situated distal to the mesial buccal groove of the permanent mandibular first molar. (similar to class II)

6. Discuss common problems of occlusion.

-Primary trauma from occlusion- is the injury that occurs from excessive occlusal forces on the periodontium apical migration of the junctional epithelium, or loss of connective tissue. example: high restorations, unproperly fitting dentures or bridges, malaligned or altered, usually by occlusal adjustment.

signs: widened periodontal space or ligaments, tooth mobility or pain

-Secondary trauma from occlusion- injury that occurs from normal or excessive occlusal forces placed on weakened periodontium.

It occurs when the surrounding periodontium has been weakened by the periodontal disease with evidence of apical migration of he junctional epithelium and loss of connective tissue.

7. Integrate tooth assessment and documentation into the dental hygiene process of care.

The goal of hard tissue assessment is to recognize and document signs of dental caries, acquired tooth damage and developmental anomalies to optimize patient care. An accurate and complete hard tissue documentation of findings will:

-Visually describe the patient`s current dental status for use in planning patient care;

-Enhance communication with the patient, other members of the oral healthcare team, and third party payers, such as insurance companies and health maintenance organizations

-Provide a legal document of the actual care provided that is admissible evidence in a court of law.

-Assist in verifying oral healthcare services provided during financial audits;

-Contain a detailed history of the patient`s clinical examination findings, dental diagnosis, treatment plan, and rendered treatment for quality- assurance audits; and,

-Assist in forensically identifying unknown victims of criminal incidents and mass casualties.

CITATION:

Darby, Michele Leonardi., and Margaret M. Walsh. Dental Hygiene: Theory and Practice. Elsevier, 2015.