User:Kel1563/Ictalurid herpesvirus 1

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citation 1 from existing article

 -> Ictalurid herpesvirus 1 (IcHV1) is a species of virus in genus Ictalurivirus, family Alloherpesviridae, and order Herpesvirales. It causes disease in channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) and blue catfish (I. furcatus), and can cause significant economic loss in catfish farms. The disease is endemic in the USA and there are reports of the virus in Honduras and Russia. <- 

Also known as the channel catfish virus disease (CCVD), it is known for its high mortality rates and reduction of growth in catfish. Occurrences of CCVD are often met with crowding and environmental stress. Factors in favor of the proliferation of CCVD include temperature, crowding, and age. Instances when this virus is reported are usually during warm summer months and in highly crowded catfish ponds–places where the virus can easily be transmitted amongst catfish–and in catfish that are less than a year old.

Background
Although it was first isolated in 1968, the characterization of this virus was intensively studied in 1971. Classification of this virus as a herpesvirus began as evidence of characteristics similar to other species of the order were observed using electron microscopy, such as the presence of a viral envelope, assembly of the virus in the nucleus, and a small size (100 nm).

Genome
Sequencing of the IcHV1 has shown it to be similar to all other herpesviruses. Its double-stranded DNA structure of 134 kb encodes 79 genes responsible for the infection and spread of the virus. From previous research using liquid chromatography electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (LC/ESI-MS/MS), 37 structural proteins are responsible for forming the shape of IcHV1 where one of the structural proteins, ORF59, is responsible for viral transmission. This is because ORF59 codes for a hydrophobic envelope to encapsulate the virus in order for it to span across the lipid membrane into the host cell’s cytoplasm.

*This article already had Pathology – the effects and impacts it has on catfish and aquaculture* <- citation from existing article 

Immunity
A catfish’s innate and adaptive immunity for IcHV1 allows it to build resistance to it. This has been found through experimental introduction of IcHV1 to recovering catfish that have been exposed to the virus after a season showing an immunity to the virus. However, the mechanism for this immunity is still uncertain.

There seem to be some observations for this immunity including species-specific natural killer cells where they are shown to kill IcHV1 infected cells and through antibiotic responses where serum from CCVD survivors is injected to young catfish.