User:Kemery1101/Marine pollution/Bibliography

There are two types of microplastics: primary microplastics and secondary microplastics. Primary microplastics are released directly into the environment, while secondary microplastics are created through photodegradation and weathering of larger pieces of plastic, like water bottles and fishing nets. Secondary microplastics make up between 69% to 81% of the microplastics in the oceans, while primary microplastics make up between 15% to 31% of marine microplastics. Marine pollution is growing due to large-scale corporations. Plastic is mass produced, particularly single-use plastic, due to cheap production costs compared to more environmentally friendly alternatives. The production of plastic is continuing to increase an average of about 8% each year and as there is more plastic produced, more litter pollution will end up in waterways and the ocean. The plastic production is continuing to increase and of the 300 million tons of plastic material produced each year, over 14 million tons end up in the ocean. A 2018 study on a polyethylene production facility in Sweden estimated that between 3 and 36 million of plastic pellets enter the environment from production sites every year. These primary microplastics spill during transportation and production due in inadequate precautions and regulations and millions of pellets of plastic end up in nearby waterways. Bibliography


 * Jonsson, A., Andersson, K., Stelick, A., & Dando, R. (2021). An evaluation of alternative biodegradable and reusable drinking straws as alternatives to single‐Use Plastic. Journal of Food Science, 86(7), 3219–3227. https://doi.org/10.1111/1750-3841.15783.
 * This is a peer-reviewed issue brief from the Journalisms of Food Science, so it should be a reliable source. It covers topics of single-use plastic, plastic alternatives, and the impact of plastic waste all in depth, so it's helpful in establishing notability.


 * Kavitha, R., Akshaya, T., & Arul, A. (2020). Microplastics and Its Impacts. International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET), 07(04), 4259–4265.
 * This is a peer-reviewed research journal from International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology, so it should be a reliable source. It covers broad topics regarding plastic pollution in depth, so it's helpful in establishing notability.


 * Karlsson, T. M., Arneborg, L., Broström, G., Almroth, B. C., Gipperth, L., & Hassellöv, M. (2018, April). The unaccountability case of plastic pellet pollution. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 129(1), 52–60. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2018.01.041.
 * This is a peer-reviewed journal entry from ScienceDirect, so it should be a reliable source. It discusses a study analyzing plastic pellet pollution and discusses various topics on the wider scheme issue, so it's helpful in establishing notability.
 * Marine plastic pollution. IUCN. (2021, November 17). Retrieved May 19, 2022, from https://www.iucn.org/resources/issues-briefs/marine-plastic-pollution#:~:text=electronics%20and%20agriculture.-,Over%20300%20million%20tons%20of%20plastic%20are%20produced%20every%20year,in%20the%20ocean%20every%20year..
 * This is a peer-reviewed issue brief from the International Union of Conservation of Nature, so it should be a reliable source for statistics on plastic pollution and the impact on the environment. It covers topics of marine pollution in depth, so it's helpful in establishing notability.
 * Turra, A., Manzano, A. B., Dias, R. J., Mahiques, M. M., Barbosa, L., Balthazar-Silva, D., & Moreira, F. T. (2014). Three-dimensional distribution of plastic pellets in sandy beaches: Shifting paradigms. Scientific Reports, 4(1). https://doi.org/10.1038/srep04435
 * This is a peer-reviewed scientific journal, so it should be a reliable source for specific facts regarding microplastics. Since it focuses specifically on plastic pellet pollution, it can't be used to establish notability.