User:KemiahOwoh/Trypsin

Trypsin inhibitor[edit]
Main article: Trypsin inhibitor

To prevent the action of active trypsin in the pancreas, which can be highly damaging, inhibitors such as BPTI and SPINK1 in the pancreas and α1-antitrypsin in the serum are present as part of the defense against its inappropriate activation. Any trypsin prematurely formed from the inactive trypsinogen is then bound by the inhibitor. The protein-protein interaction between trypsin and its inhibitors is one of the tightest bound, and trypsin is bound by some of its pancreatic inhibitors nearly irreversibly. In contrast with nearly all known protein assemblies, some complexes of trypsin bound by its inhibitors do not readily dissociate after treatment with 8M urea.

'''Trypsin inhibitors can be used to address metabolic and obesity disorders. Metabolic disorders and obesity are known to increase non-communicable chronic disease prevalence. It is of public health policy interest to explore various ways to mitigate this occurrence including use of trypsin inhibitors. These inhibitors have capabilities of reducing colon, breast, skin, and prostate cancer by way of radioprotective and anticarcinogenic activity. Trypsin inhibitors possess the ability to act as regulatory mechanisms to control release of neutrophil proteases and avoid significant tissue damage. In regards to cardiovascular conditions associated with unproductive serine protease activity, trypsin inhibitors can block their activity in platelet aggregation, fibrinolysis, coagulation, and blood coagulation.'''

The multifunctionality of trypsin inhibitors includes being potential protease inhibitors for AMP activity. While the antibacterial action mechanisms of trypsin inhibitors are unclear, studies have aimed to study their mechanisms as potential applications in bacterial infection treatments. Research and scanning microscopy showed antibacterial effects on bacterial membranes from Staphylococcus aureus. Trypsin inhibitors from amphibian skin showed bacterial death promotion that affected Staphylococcus aureus' cell wall and membrane. '''Studies also analyzed antibacterial actions in trypsin inhibitor peptides, proteins, and E. coli. The results showed sufficient bacterial growth prevention. However, trypsin inhibitors have to meet certain criteria to be utilized in foods and medical treatments.'''

Trypsin alternatives[edit]
Main article: Trypsin inhibitor

Trypsin digestion of extra cellular matrix is a common practice in cell culture. However this enzymatic degradation of the cells can negatively effect cell viability and surface markers, especially in stem cells. There are gentler alternatives than trypsin such as Accutase which doesn't effect surface markers such as cd14, cd117, cd49f, cd292. However Accutase decreases the surface levels of FasL and Fas receptor on macrophages, these receptors are associated with cell cytotoxicity in the immune system and can also facilitate apoptosis-related cell death.

'''ProAlanase could also serve as an alternative to Trypsin in proteomic applications. ProAlanase is an Aspergillus niger fungus protease that can achieve high proteolytic activity and specificity for digestion under the correct conditions. ProAnalase, the acidic prolyl-endopeptidase protease, previously studied as An-PEP, has been observed in various experiments to define its specificity. ProAnalase performed optimally in LC-MS applications with short digestion times and highly acidic pH.'''