User:Kent Louie Tugas/sandbox

History and Future of the Solar System
This article contains events from Algol's History and Future of the Solar System document.

-4650 Myrs
Type: Other Event

Neutron star merger - About 80 million years before the formation of the Solar System, two neutron stars merged, producing a large amount of heavy metals and seeding the solar nebula.

-4570 Myrs
Type: Solar Event

Formation of the Sun - The Sun forms inside a stellar nursery, surrounded by a large protoplanetary disk. The Sun produced no energy from hydrogen fusion at this time, instead its heat coming from gravitational collapse.

-4569 Myrs
Type: Other Event

Formation of planetesimals - Dust grains in the protoplanetary disk clump together into pebble-sized objects and collapse into planetesimals, the building blocks of planets.

-4566 Myrs
Type: Jovian Event

Formation of Jupiter - Jupiter was likely the first planet to form, quickly accumulating mass from planetesimals. It probably formed somewhere around 5 AU, beyond the frost line.

-4565 Myrs
Type: Jovian Event

Jupiter at 20 Earth masses - Jupiter becomes large enough to accrete an envelope of gas. The formation of gas giants necessitates that a core form quickly before the gas dissipates.

-4562 Myrs
Type: Jovian Event

Jupiter at 50 Earth masses - When the gaseous envelope’s mass is greater than the mass of its core, the envelope becomes unstable, starting a runaway accretion.

-4561 Myrs
Type: Solar Event

End of the Hayashi track - The Hayashi track is a path traced on the Hertzsprung-Russell diagram by low-mass young stars which is nearly vertical as the star contracts while maintaining its surface temperature. At the end of Hayashi track, the Sun develops a radiative zone at its center.

-4560 Myrs
Type: Saturnian Event

Formation of Saturn - Saturn was likely the second planet to form after Jupiter.

-4555 Myrs
Type: Other Event

Formation of the ice giants - The ice giants likely formed in a different manner than Jupiter and Saturn. One model proposes that several super-Earths formed here or were ejected out, which collided with one another before a gaseous envelope formed. Such collisions would likely explain Uranus’ sideways rotation.

-4547 Myrs
Type: Uranian Event

Giant impact on Uranus - If the ice giants formed from the collisions of super-Earths, then the impact that knocked Uranus on its side dates here. This impact would also form Uranus’ moon system.

-4543 Myrs
Type: Solar Event

Start of nuclear fusion in the Sun - The onset of nuclear fusion in a star is called the “zero-age main sequence” (ZMAS). The Sun’s core becomes hot and dense enough to fuse hydrogen into helium, mostly via the proton-proton chain (pp-chain) and a smaller amount via the catalyzed CNO-cycle.

-4541 Myrs
Type: Other Event Start of the Grand Tack model - This model states that Jupiter migrated quickly inwards the Sun to 1.5 AU before being halted by Saturn and moving outwards. The migration causes the disk of material that form the terrestrial planets to be truncated, explaining the small size of Mars and the composition of the asteroid belt.

-4540 Myrs
Type: Other Event

Formation of the terrestrial planets - The terrestrial planets begin to form following the early migration of the gas giants. It would take 100 million years to complete.

-4540 Myrs
Type: Other Event

Gas giants enter resonance - Following the grand tack of Jupiter, the gas giants enter into a resonant chain, likely 3:2 3:2 2:1 3:2. Resonance occurs when the ratio of the period of two planets’ orbits are close to small integers. Resonances like this are common in newly-formed planetary systems.

-4535 Myrs
Type: Martian Event

Borealis impact - Geologically, Mars formed relatively quickly compared to the rest of the terrestrial planets, forming in only a few million years before migrating out of the formation region. Mars’ northern basin is noticeably at a lower elevation than the rest of the planet, which may have been formed by an impact, though this is not formally recognized.