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For the article "Mood (psychology)", I hope to add more to the section "Mood disorders" as well as enrich the existing sources.

copied from [Mood (psychology)]

Etymology
In terms of etymology, the word mood derives from the Old English mōd which denotes courage, spirit, pride, and state of mind.

Measuring mood
A common method of studying and measuring mood is through reaction to music, however this can be difficult as a manipulation of a single musical excerpt is often not strong enough to alter one's mood. In some cases, music was found to improve individual's mood as being a source of entertainment, solace, and as an opportunity to release negative emotions that we bringing down overall mood.

Lack of sleep
Sleep has a complex, and as of yet not fully elucidated, relationship with mood. Most commonly if a person is sleep deprived he/she will become more irritable, angry, more prone to stress, and less energized throughout the day. "Studies have shown that even partial sleep deprivation has a significant effect on mood. University of Pennsylvania researchers found that subjects who were limited to only 4.5 hours of sleep a night for one week reported feeling more stressed, angry, sad, and mentally exhausted. When the subjects resumed normal sleep, they reported a dramatic improvement in mood." Generally, evening oriented people, as compared to morning ones, show decreased energy and pleasantness and heightened tension.

However, in a subset of cases sleep deprivation can, paradoxically, lead to increased energy and alertness and enhanced mood. This effect is most marked in persons with an eveningeness type (so called night-owls) and people suffering from depression. For this reason it has, not surprisingly, been used as a treatment for major depressive disorder.

Nutrition
There is growing evidence that a diet rich in fruits and vegetables is related to greater happiness, life satisfaction, and positive mood. This evidence is independent of demographic or health variables including socio-economic status, exercise, smoking, and body mass index (BMI). Further studies have demonstrated a causal link between greater fruit and vegetable intake with feeling calmer, happier, more energetic, and more positive.

Facial expression
Research studies have indicated that voluntary facial expressions, such as smiling, can produce effects on the body that are similar to those that result from the actual emotion, such as happiness. Paul Ekman and his colleagues have studied facial expressions of emotions and have linked specific emotions to the movement of specific facial muscles. Each basic emotion is associated with a distinctive facial expression. Sensory feedback from the expression contributes to the emotional feeling. Example: Smiling if you want to feel happy. Facial expressions have a large effect on self-reported anger and happiness which then affects your mood. Ekman has found that these expressions of emotion are universal and recognizable across widely divergent cultures.

Mood disorders
There are a number of mood disorders that all effect mood uniquely as identified below.

Alcohol
Research indicates that the alcohol and energy drinks are associated with the change in mood as well.

Mood disorders
There are a number of mood disorders; major depressive disorder (MDD), dysthymia, and bipolar I disorder (BD I) are just three examples of mood disorders. Mood disorders are a result of chemical imbalances in the brain, however some theories challenge this.

Major depressive disorder (MDD), can be described as a medical condition in which mood is altered negatively, as well as disruptions concerning neurovegetative functions, psychomotor activity, and cognition. Dysthymia, while closely being associated with depression, is characterized by symptoms of chronic minor depressive episodes. Bipolar I disorder is classified by concurrent symptoms of high levels of mania and depressive tendencies.

Mood disorders impact an individuals mood through the many symptoms associated with the different disorders, typically causing mood disruptions such as oscillation between positive and negative mood, or chronically negative mood.

Etymology
In terms of etymology, the word mood derives from the Old English mōd which denotes courage, spirit, pride, and state of mind.

Measuring mood
A common method of studying and measuring mood is through reaction to music, however this can be difficult as a manipulation of a single musical excerpt is often not strong enough to alter one's mood. In some cases, music was found to improve individual's mood as being a source of entertainment, solace, and as an opportunity to release negative emotions that we bringing down overall mood.