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Bacterial outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) are extracellular vesicles 20-300 nm in diameter that bud from the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria. Several biological functions for OMVs have been identified, including pathogenesis, horizontal gene transfer, quorum sensing, biofilm formation, nutrient acquisition, and stress relief. The immunogenic properties of OMVs have also made them attractive candidates for vaccine applications. Several clinical vaccines that protect against Neiserria meningitidis serotype B have been developed. ...