User:Kevinyesu/sandbox

= World Indigenous Games = The World Indigenous Games is a multisport event, which involves over 2,000 indigenous athletes competing against one another. These athletes come from all across the world to unite and compete fairly in this event (approximately 30 countries) (2015). Throughout the first three days athletes mingle and bond in their area of sport/games before entering the ten-day competition. The Games are governed by the Inter Tribal Council, a Brazilian indigenous peoples NGO that has staged Brazil's national Indigenous Games since 1996. The first edition of the Games was held in Palmas, Brazil, from October 23 to November 1, 2015, while the second (and most recent) was hosted by Alberta, Canada in 2017. The Games are expected to be held intermittently thereafter, and will feature competitive sports and non-competitive demonstration events. Throughout history, indigenous peoples have had many traditional sports and dances. It is through their history that they have turned these into competitive games and have made it an influential impact on the world and their people's culture. These games consist of body paint replacing sportswear, bare feet instead of sneakers and a looser conception of competition that comes with little value to winning.

'''The WIN Games are a multisport event structured similar to the Olympics, but with the addition of traditional Indigenous events (Bell, 2017). The main idea of the games is to focus on reconciliation and the notion that “everyone is welcomed” (Morin, 2017a), exemplified when a group of Syrian refugees were allowed to form a soccer team and compete in the Canada WIN Games (Morin, 2017b). International sporting events have become a means to project positive images and garner social, political, and/or economic benefits for their communities (Black, 2007; Hiller, 2000). Organizers and indigenous stakeholders wanted to use the WIN Games to address challenges faced by Indigenous communities such as: stereotypes, lack of resources and opportunities for Indigenous youth, and vulnerability of Indigenous women (Chen, Mason & Misener, 2018).'''

Contents

 * 1History
 * 2Events and competitions
 * 2.1Traditional games
 * 2.1.1Wild tree-trunk
 * 2.1.2Archery
 * 2.1.3Xikunahati
 * 3List of World Indigenous Games
 * 4Participating countries
 * 5References
 * 6Further reading
 * 7External links

History[edit]
'''The WIN Games were first proposed at a global conference of aboriginal leaders in 1977 by Wilton Littlechild (Nolen, 2015), a 50-time provincial, regional, national and international champion and seven sports hall of famer (Morin, 2017a). Littlechild advocated for the event for about 40 years and was met with a lot of resistance (lack of support from government, financial restraints), until the games finally came to life in 2015 (Bell, 2017). More than 2,000 athletes and cultural delegates participated in the first WIN Games, which were considered a cultural success despite the event being chaotic and disorganized (Nolen, 2015).'''

The World Indigenous Games grew from the Brazilian Indigenous Peoples Games. There have been 12 editions of the national games, during which approximately 1,500 athletes took part. The World Indigenous Games also known as the Indigenous Olympics, is similar to any other Olympic Games. It started with a variety of sports, traditional openings and closings ceremonies and indigenous participants from all over the world.

Historical Body Paint – Body painting is an ancient tradition that carries deep meaning and value to its people. The art contains a high-spirited significance to the Indigenous people thus the reason why they must wear body paint during the games. It is a sign of respect for their land and all represents all their people in one. Different designs represent different family relationship, social position, tribe, ancestors and tracts of land. For example, B. Spencer states that in Arnhem Land the people decorate the bodies of young boys for initiation ceremonies. They are painted in tribe/clan totems to the upper body and thighs. Everything little details has a meaning and represents something. This comes down the design, the colour, the placing of design and who it is put on too.

Events and competitions[edit]
The World Indigenous Games consist of many events and competitions. They compete in a variety of sporting events. These include Western style competitions such as football and athletics as well as many traditional games: rustic race, spear toss, traditional canoeing, corrida de tora, xikunahati. Events such as archery, swimming, wrestling and tug of war are also a part of these games. There are many events that are non-competitive. This is to show and demonstrate the respect of heritage. They do this by playing traditional sports and celebrating with dances. Many other non-competitive events showcase the celebration of their culture. They include this in the games by forming social forums, activities for the indigenous women and lectures and fairs for all to join and listen too. It is expected for indigenous people to run the Olympics however, important guests could be invited to talk or take part somehow in the games. The main reason for the games is to bring all indigenous people together from around the world. This creates diversity to be closer and helps express the indigenous cultures and traditions.

'''The second WIN Games (Alberta, Canada) started on July 3rd, 2017 and ended July 9th, 2017. About 1600 athletes from all over the world competed on Indigenous lands, entertaining over 20,000 total spectators (free to attend) ("World Indigenous", 2017). Events included: opening and closing ceremonies, traditional and contemporary games, a global business forum, youth conference, education conference, discussion forums on lands, resources and climate change, upholding and implementing Treaty rights, sovereignty and traditional knowledge, and an international Elders gathering ("World Indigenous", 2017). Representatives from 29 countries took part in the opening ceremonies ("World Indigenous Nations", 2017) and participated in events including: spear throw, tug of strength, log races (Bell, 2017), Mexican version of hockey (puck is on fire), Brazil’s jikunahati (like soccer except players whack a small ball only with their heads) (Nolen, 2015), canoeing, Indian horse relays, lacrosse, Denesuline hand games ("World Indigenous Nations Games", 2017), bow and arrow, swimming and soccer ("World Indigenous Nations Games 2017", 2017). No information regarding awards/prizes was found.'''

Wild tree-trunk[edit]
This game is a crowd favourite, and is similar to a relay. Nine or more participants are expected to sprint 500 metres each around a red dirt arena. Whilst running they carry a 100 kg chunk of tree on their shoulders.

Archery
Participants bodies are covered with traditional paintings and have to be bare chested. They then line up on a palm of leaves with their bows, 40 metres away from their target. Their target is small fish leaping in and out of the water. Those who spear the most fish gain the points. The highest possible score to achieve is done by drilling the arrow right into the eye.

Xikunahati
This particular event resembles football. However no body part but the head is allowed to touch the ball.

Overall these Olympics are not about competition but are about celebration.

Media Coverage
'''Mentioned earlier, the WIN Games were based on the Olympic model, but organizers wanted to make sure the cultural component of Indigenous traditions was included. Dozens of Indigenous languages were used (along with traditional languages like English) (Nolen, 2015). Additionally, the focus was on traditional sports and games rather than on mainstream sports in order to not lose the traditional essence (Nolen, 2015). Canadian mainstream media provided extensive coverage for Indigenous stakeholders during the 2017 WIN Games to give attention to the issues faced by Indigenous groups (Chen, Mason & Misener, 2018). The authors argue that these challenges faced were linked to the lasting effect of government’s formal assimilation policies on Indigenous communities, the lack of culturally relevant education in school settings, and the urban environment within which many Indigenous youths are growing up (Chen, Mason & Misener, 2018). Of 147 articles collected, all of them had some content related to Indigenous peoples involved in the events and 122 featured direct quotations from Indigenous peoples or featured substantive coverage as part of the news stories (Chen, Mason & Misener, 2018).'''

Participating countries[edit]
Over 30 countries participate in the Indigenous Games. Within that 30 more that 2000 athletes participate. Some countries that perform in these games are listed below. Marchand, Dawn Marie (2011).


 * Argentina
 * Australia
 * Brazil
 * Canada
 * Chile
 * Colombia
 * Congo
 * Ecuador
 * Ethiopia
 * French Guiana
 * Guatemala
 * Mexico
 * Mongolia
 * New Zealand
 * Nicaragua
 * Panama
 * Paraguay
 * Peru
 * Philippines (Aeta, Dumagat, Ifugao peoples)
 * Russia
 * United States of America
 * Uruguay
 * Venezuela

Issues Faced
'''           The WIN games have faced several logistical and planning issues. The WIN Games in Canada faced funding problems, where at least three quarters of the $10- to 12-million budget came from in-kind donations ("World Indigenous Nations Games come", 2017). Additionally, organizers were struggling to finalize food and transportation plans for athletes upon their arrival and stay (Bell, 2017). Assisting participants from isolated communities travel to Alberta was also a complication (Bell, 2017).'''

References

'''Bell, R. (2017). 'We have so much to offer': World Indigenous Games comes to Alberta this summer | CBC News. Retrieved from https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/edmonton/wilton- littlechild-world-indigenous-games-enoch-1.4071938'''

'''Black, D. (2007). The symbolic politics of sport megaevents: 2010 in comparative perspective. Politikon, 34(3), 261–276'''

'''Chen, C., Mason, D., & Misener, L. (2018). Exploring Media Coverage of the 2017 World Indigenous Nations Games and North American Indigenous Games: A Critical Discourse Analysis. Event Management, 22(6), 1009-1025.'''

'''Hiller, H. H. (2000). Mega-events, urban boosterism and growth strategies: An analysis of the   objectives and legitimations of the Cape Town 2004 Olympic bid. International Journal of Urban and Regional Research, 24(2), 449–458'''

'''Morin, B. (2017a). Wilton Littlechild sees his dream come true at World Indigenous Nations Games Social Sharing. Retrieved from https://www.cbc.ca/news/indigenous/world- indigenous-nations-games-wilton-littlechild-1.4189980 '''

'''Morin, B. (2017b). Syrian refugees to compete alongside Indigenous athletes at World Indigenous Nations Games | CBC News. Retrieved from https://www.cbc.ca/news/indigenous/world-indigenous-games-syrian-refugees-1.4189526 '''

'''Nolen, S. (2015). Canada to host World Indigenous Peoples' Games in 2017. Retrieved from https://www.theglobeandmail.com/news/national/canada-to-host-world-indigenous-peoples-games-in-2017/article27087911/ '''

'''World Indigenous Nations Games 2017. (2017). Retrieved from https://aptnnews.ca/wingames2017/ '''

'''World Indigenous Nations Games 2017. (2017). Retrieved from https://www.infoedmonton.com/article/world-indigenous-nations-games-2017/ '''

'''World Indigenous Nations Games come to a close in Alberta | CBC News. (2017). Retrieved from https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/edmonton/world-indigenous-nations-games-closing-ceremonies-1.4197129 '''

'''World Indigenous Nations Games open with ceremonies in Maskwacis | CBC News. (2017). Retrieved from https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/edmonton/world-indigenous-nations-games-alberta-opening-ceremony-1.4189096 '''

'''World Indigenous Nations Games promotes peace, sport and culture. (2017). Retrieved from http://www.albertanativenews.com/world-indigenous-nations-games-promotes-peace-sport-and-culture/ '''

I plan on adding more information about the 2017 WIN Games: what activities were involved, schedule, etc. Additionally, I will provide some historical background on how the WIN Games started.

Here are a few sources:

Bell, R. (2017). 'We have so much to offer': World Indigenous Games comes to Alberta this summer | CBC News. Retrieved from https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/edmonton/wilton- littlechild-world- indigenous-games-enoch-1.4071938 Black, D. (2007). The symbolic politics of sport megaevents: 2010 in comparative perspective. Politikon, 34(3), 261–276 Chen, C., Mason, D., & Misener, L. (2018). Exploring Media Coverage of the 2017 World Indigenous Nations Games and North American Indigenous Games: A Critical Discourse Analysis. Event Management, 22(6), 1009-1025. Hiller, H. H. (2000). Mega-events, urban boosterism and growth strategies: An analysis of the   objectives and legitimations of the Cape Town 2004 Olympic bid. International Journal of Urban and Regional Research, 24(2), 449–458

Is everything in the article relevant to the article topic? Is there anything that distracted you?

Yes, everything in the article is relevant to the World Indigenous Games. Nothing seems to be out of topic, therefore nothing was distracting.

Is any information out of date? Is anything missing that could be added?

The article was last edited on the 12th of December 2018, at 11:16. Despite this being recent, there is no details about the 2017 World Indigenous Games in Alberta, Canada. The 2017 event in Alberta is just quickly listed as one of the two World Indigenous Games, and does not give any further details on the event (number of participants, number of countries participating, games played, etc.).

Additionally, there are very brief descriptions of only three traditional games. Expanding on these games, as well as adding more traditional games to the list will provide the reader a better understanding of the World Indigenous Games.

Lastly, not all of the 30 countries that participated in the 2015 World Indigenous Games are listed (and there is no mention of the countries that participated in the 2017 Games).

What else could be improved?

The overall text was a bit unorganized and not easy to read. Sentences/paragraphs are not transitioned well, making it a bit hard to read and follow.

Is the article neutral? Are there any claims that appear heavily biased toward a particular position?

Yes, the article is neutral and does not make any biased claims.

Are there viewpoints that are overrepresented, or underrepresented?

Quoted directly from the Wikipedia article: “Overall these Olympics are not about competition but are about celebration.”

I believe this topic is under-represented in the article. It is just mentioned and does not expand on why/how the games were more focused on celebrations rather than competitions. This is a big component of the World Indigenous Games and one of the biggest element that differentiates it from the Olympic Games.

Check a few citations. Do the links work? Does the source support the claims in the article?

Tecnologia, CRP. "The Games". www.i-games2015.com. Retrieved 2016-05-17.

This website is non-existent, and the domain is up for sale. This is used three times to reference a claim.

Spencer.B (2001).

Not sure who is Spencer, where/when did he claim what the article is referencing, and how to see if the information is true since that is the complete reference that appears.

Is each fact referenced with an appropriate, reliable reference? Where does the information come from? Are these neutral sources? If biased, is that bias noted?

Other than the ones listed above, the references seem appropriate and even includes a scholarly article. The sources seem to be reliable and have a neutral point of view.

What kinds of conversations, if any, are going on behind the scenes about how to represent this topic?

No talk about how to represent this topic.

How is the article rated? Is it a part of any WikiProjects?

This article is part of 3 WikiProjects (Brazil, Ethnic Groups, and Multi-Sport Events) – all three rated as start-class, low importance