User:Kgr1012/Alaska Natives

Added sources summary:


 * 1) Discusses how local communities got together to better understand algae blooms and shellfish poisoning. Emphasis on working internally to solve the problem, lack of outside assistance, and should be more focused on. This definitely could be added to first paragraph.
 * 2) Emphasis on the importance of acknowledging cultural traditions and differences when stepping in to help and mitigate issues.
 * 3) More so contains stats on housing displacement due to flooding and erosion. What’s left, what's next, and what’s the damage?
 * 4) The main focus is on algae blooms, water quality, and floods in tribal communities. Scientific evidence is in this and can be useful for what I’d like to add in the wiki.
 * 5) Similar to source 2 but looking at these substances, focus factors, and determine the best approach to mitigate the issue while ensuring the tribe's values are upheld.

My Article Intentions:


 * 1) Change the paraphrasing format
 * 2) Properly cite the articles, may have to remove some parts because they aren’t even sourced and would be hard to find online.
 * 3) Use information from sources and add in areas that may focus on
 * 4) Environmental impact
 * 5) Cultural impact
 * 6) Economic Impact
 * 7) Displacement
 * 8) Lack of policy
 * 9) Discuss Biden’s work so far and his efforts (protecting 16.7  million acres of forest), $5 million grant to 3 communities for climate implications- housing, displacement etc.
 * 10) Polish up scientific evidence of climate change in these areas with more sophisticated wording and deeper statistics.
 * 11) Erosion stats, HAB’s, Shellfish poisoning, flooding etc.

Goals for 03/27/2023


 * Review how to change the formatting that Wiki flagged
 * Draft a few paragraphs with peer-reviewed articles
 * What are these few paragraphs?--> information that I found necessary to include given the short blurb on "Climate Change" sub section.
 * Determine if non-peer reviewed sources can be used: this would be governmental organization sites and posting.
 * Generate a list of what's included vs. what I can add with my current reviewed outside sources,
 * Draft Sub headings

Goal outcomes made on 3/26/2022


 * What's included and what's not (**symbol indicates what could be added/elaborated
 * List
 * Shishmaref, Kivalina, Shaktoolik and Newtok tribes - emphasis on their impacts, this being sea ice and wildfires.
 * Loss of overall sea ice and impacts on wildlife migration
 * Storm surges and erosions on coastlines- resulting in relocation (*Should include how they will relocate and who is helping- this would be the Biden- Administration and FEMA)
 * Extreme weather: impacts on infrastructure and permafrost.


 * Missing citations for:
 * (Bronen) - Hamilton, Lawrence C., et al. “Climigration? Population and Climate Change in Arctic Alaska.” Population and Environment, vol. 38, no. 2, 2016, pp. 115–33. JSTOR, http://www.jstor.org/stable/44132371 . Accessed 27 Mar. 2023.
 * EPA- there are MANY EPA publications made on this topic, need assistance in finding the right tools and approach to ensuring I choose the correct one. If that is not found, will I have to leave that part as uncited, or remove it and use new EPA source and change original text in current sub section of "Climate change" that cites the EPA?
 * Sub headings: The Climate Change sub section begins with a great lack of context and jumps right into four tribes who need the most assistance. For those who don't know about native Americans vs climate change and the level of vulnerability that they face, this may be important to begin with and adding accurate statistics and general science based evidence.
 * With this the subheadings should be as followed, following the sub section "Climate Change"
 * "Climate Change"
 * "What is happening and who is being affected?"/ "Impacts on ..."
 * "How are these indigenous tribes being impacted"
 * "Climate mitigation and resilience efforts" - add links to other wiki sources that explain key words such as "Climate mitigation/ resilience, adaptation etc"
 * "Biden-Administration efforts and promises" - note* there is NOTHING on this part.
 * General paragraphs that I find necessary to add, includes citation and designated subheadings
 * "Biden-Administration efforts and promises" - Biden-harris administration makes $135 million commitment to support relocation of tribal communities affected by climate change. (2022, November 30). https://www.doi.gov/pressreleases/biden-harris-administration-makes-135-million-commitment-support-relocation-tribal
 * "Climate mitigation and resilience efforts" Branch of tribal climate resilience | Indian affairs. (n.d.-b). Retrieved March 26, 2023, from https://www.bia.gov/bia/ots/tcr
 * "Climate mitigation and resilience efforts" Pilot project to support Tribal climate resilience in Alaska. (2022, August 18). https://www.noaa.gov/news-release/pilot-project-to-support-tribal-climate-resilience-in-alaska
 * "What is happening and who is being affected?" Alaskan native tribes are suffering from unavoidable climate-related disasters. Home displacement, food insecurity, and loss of cultural roots are diminishing by the second for 277 federally recognized Alaskan native communities. Efforts to assist financially from the federal government are not entirely in place and natives' inability to qualify for FEMA raises the stakes even higher (Faheid, Inside Climate News) Source: Weisbrod, K. (2021, September 13). Indigenous tribes facing displacement in alaska and louisiana say the u. S. Is ignoring climate threats. Inside Climate News. https://insideclimatenews.org/news/13092021/indigenous-tribes-alaska-louisiana/

The Impact
Alaskan native tribes are suffering from unavoidable climate-related disasters. Home displacement, food insecurity, and loss of cultural roots are diminishing by the second for 277 federally recognized Alaskan native communities. Efforts to assist financially from the federal government are not entirely in place and natives' inability to qualify for FEMA raises the stakes even higher. Tribes located in areas on the coastal location of Alaska are most impacted as they rely heavily on the ecosystem services they provide. There are currently 31 Alaskan tribes that are at high risk of displacement. Climate change poses threats for erosion and flooding in coastland areas, primarily attacking the tribes that reside in this area. In 2020, 5 Alaskan tribes were outraged by climate change impacts. A complaint was filed by the village of Kivalina for a violation of their human rights, where they were suffering from displacement with no governing assistance.

Climate Mitigation and Resilience Efforts
In November of 2022, the Biden-Harris administration committed to allocating 135 million dollars to supporting Alaskan Native tribes to rebuild and relocate after climate disasters. More specifically, the Napakiak and Newtok Alaska villages desperately need assistance to migrate and rebuild after erosion grew exponentially, threatening schools, homes, fuel sources, and businesses. The Biden administration highlighted that the three focus tribes; Newtok, Napakiak, and Quinault, will be assisted first through face-to-face visits from federal agencies. Their goals in December of 2022 were to understand these communities' needs, federal responsibilities, time frames and budgets, and risk management. Four additional villages, Point Lay, Huslia, Fort Yukon, and Nelson Lagoon, were awarded 5 million dollars. Financial funds and grants are necessary to help communities that have a low carbon footprint, and minimal influence on current global warming patterns. Hence, governmental and outside assistance must be the norm.

A new study was conducted on two indigenous tribes, the Savoonga and Shaktoolik located in the Western region of Alaska. This study looked to create an ecological assessment report that digs deeper into determining site-specific exposure to the impacts of climate change and identifying adaptation needs for these tribes. These Alaskan tribal communities were incorporated into a study to determine and identify first-hand observations and experiences of climate change. This study organized an array of perspectives on the wind, erosion, the tundra, permafrost, and sea-level rise, to construct a portfolio that highlights environmental components that are influencing their quality of life. Furthermore, this progressive step to mitigating these issues is key for policymakers to view when creating a uniquely crafted policy to best assist these tribes' needs. The researchers next steps highlighted the intensity of storms as it was called on for needing the most attention. researchers documented subgroups that contain general ecological themes such as “Weather, hunting and gathering, sea-ice melt, etc”. These topics were followed by first-hand observations from the Savoonga and Shaktoolik tribes. Looking into the social aspect, the indigenous tribes stated that hunting and gathering now have become less predictable, reliable, and unsafe.