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=Rehabilitation= Spondylolithesis directly affects the spine, with most cases causing severe lower back pain. Rehabilitation for Spondylolithesis utilizes both stretching and strengthening exercises for the abdominal muscles, lumbar muscles, and leg muscles. Focus should be on muscles which provide stability of the spine. The stability muscles of the spine are the internal obliques, the transverse abdominal, and the lumbar multifidus. These muscles are important because they are in direct contract with the spine.

Exercises to train the transverse abdominals include the abdominal vacuum and the pelvic thrust. Exercises to train the internal obliques include the twisting crunch and angled side-bridge. An exercise to train the lumbar multifidus is the side-lying knee lifts. These exercises are some of the exercises that can be used to strengthen the stability muscles of the spine.

Stretching exercises which focus on the abdominal muscles and lumbar muscles are beneficial in decreasing the side effects associated with spondylolithesis. Stretches for the Erector spinae muscles are used for rehabilitation. Stretching will consist of back flexion and contralateral rotation while in the supine position. This will allow for stretching of the Erector spinae muscles, lumbar multifidus, and transverse abdominals. Deep exhalation is also used to stretch the transverse abdominals.

The transverse abdominals, internal oblique and lumbar multifidus are actively used to maintain posture. Training to contract the deep abdominal muscles and the lumbar multifidus can reduce spinal asymmetry, reducing lower back pain. The ability to contract the deep abdominal muscles and lumbar multifidus during static postures, daily task, and exercise greatly reduces the side effects associated with spondylolithesis.