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National Institute of Nursing Research

The National Institute of Nursing Research (NINR), as part of the U.S. National Institutes of Health, supports clinical and basic research to establish a scientific basis for the care of individuals across the life span--from management of patients during illness and recovery, to the reduction of risks for disease and disability, and the promotion of healthy lifestyles. The current Institute Director is Dr. Patricia A. Grady

History[edit]

Federal involvement in nursing research can be traced back to 1946, with the establishment of the Division of Nursing within the Office of the Surgeon General, Public Health Service.

In 1955, the first extramural nursing research program was established in the Research Grants and Fellowship Branch of the Division of Nursing Resources, Bureau of Medical Services. At this same time, the National Institutes of Health established the Nursing Research Study Section within the Division of Research Grants to conduct scientific review of the growing volume of applications in this area.

In 1960, public health nursing services were consolidated to form a new Division of Nursing at what is now called the Health Resources and Services Administration (HRSA) - the agency responsible for clinical training in the health care professions. The initial and continuing goal of federal support was to build a foundation for nursing research. During this time, many academic institutions established predoctoral and postdoctoral fellowship programs to train independent nurse investigators. Nursing research programs were also funded and research information was exchanged across the country.

The impetus for establishing the National Institute of Nursing Research (NINR) came from the findings of two Federal studies. A 1983 report by the Institute of Medicine recommended that nursing research be included in the mainstream of biomedical and behavioral science, and a 1984 NIH Task Force study found nursing research activities to be relevant to the NIH mission. These findings resulted in legislative action that established the National Center for Nursing Research (NCNR) at NIH in April 1986. The Center later became an NIH Institute with the NIH Revitalization Act of 1993 and a Federal Register notice on June 14 of that year- both actions formally changing the NCNR to the NINR

Scientific research studies funded by the federal government must follow the NIH Revitalization Act guidelines. This regulatory law was passed by Congress in June 1993, with directions on how to include women and minorities in medical research studies for the purpose of extrapolating benefits and risks to these groups. The NIH Revitalization Act has been amended, most recently in 2001(NIH, 2001). The purpose of the law was to initiate inclusion of groups that were normally excluded in medical research, in order to determine whether medications and treatments affect these groups differently (NIH, 2000). Prior to the 1993 Revitalization Act, medical research studies typically excluded women and minorities(Shiebinger, 2003). Medication dosages given to female or minority patients were based on trials performed on Caucasian men, with little knowledge regarding affects on the patient being cared for.

National Institutes of Health (NIH). (2000). NIH Guidelines on the Inclusion of Women and Minorities as     Subjects in Clinical Research Downloaded October, 21, 2013 from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC198535/ National Institutes of Health (NIH). (2001). ''NIH Policy and Guidelines on The Inclusion of Women and Minorities as Subjects in Clinical Research – Amended, October, 2001'' Shiebinger, L., (2003). Women's health and clinical trials. J.Clin Invest. 112(7): 973-977.