User:Kimhyunyong1/sandbox

Reformer : In 1934, the German chemist Lurgi discovered the coal-gas reaction (C + H2O → CO + H2), and it was later found that it is applicable to all carbonaceous substance. Reactions C + H2O ↔ CO + H2 and (-CH2) + H2O → CO + 2H2 are called steam reforming; and reactions C + CO2 → 2CO and (-CH2) + CO2 → 2CO + H2, carbon dioxide or dry reforming. The oil industry has used the reforming reactions extensively for cracking process and to generate hydrogen gas. The reforming reaction is very specific elementary reaction; all carbon atoms on the left are reformed into carbon monoxide and all hydrogen atoms are reduced to hydrogen gases, the mixture of two product gases are called syngas. These reforming reactions are endothermic reduction reaction. In contrast, the conventional gasification reaction is a combination of several reactions and the product is a mixture of many gases. It is a high temperature furnace (as shown un the figure) filled with steam and/or carbon dioxide gas and maintaining a thermal equilibrium at the temperature just above 1200°C, in which the reforming reaction is at it’s thermodynamic equilibrium. And carbonaceous substance is reformed with the highest efficiency. Kim Hyun Yong discovered in December 2000 that the reforming reaction (C + H2O ↔ CO + H2) proceeds at the temperature just above 1200°C, but not below it. This work was published in Int'l J. of Hydrogen Energy 28 (2003) 1179 –1186 / 32 (2007) 5088-5093 and registered in KR patent 0391121 (2003/06/30) and US patent 6,790.383B2 (2004/09/14). The reformer reforms all carbon atoms of carbonaceous feedstock to produce just syngas, no other hydrocarbons. The high temperature furnace is packed with castables to minimize heat loss in such a way to maintain the inner temperature of reduction reactor filled with steam and CO2 gas at temperature just above 1200°C, and it reforms all carbonaceous substance most efficiently to produce syngas. The produced syngas exit from the reduction reactor at the temperature of 1200°C. The reduction chamber is heated by super-hot gases (steam and CO2) generated in the syngas burner with oxygen gas. The reduction chamber must be constructed to withstand physically and chemically the reforming reaction at 1200°C. Both steam reforming and dry reforming are carried out in this reformer; therefore, it is possible to configure the H2/CO ratio by adjusting the H2O/CO2 ratio in the reduction chamber. In contrast, the conventional gasification reaction is a combination of several reactions operating below 1200°C and the product is a mixture of many gases.