User:Kimyoojinel/sandbox

'''Very good! Please refer to Bill as Gelbart: 19/20''' (copied by TA from User page)

In the late 1980s and early 1990s, Bill and Avi studied not only curvature defects in lamellar phase and smectic-to-bilayer transitions in concentrated surfactant solutions, but also studied the conformational statistic of amphiphile chains in micelles and bilayers. In 1995, they edited a book called Micelles, Membranes, Microemulsions and Monolayers, with Didier Roux and contributions from many researchers in these fields.

Bill and Avi also worked on several other topics, including the statistical thermodynamics of defects and the failure of solids, micellar flow, and monolayer phase transitions. By late 1990s, even though their work was focused on self-assembling systems, Bill began to have interest in biophysics field.

In the Journal of Physical Chemistry, Bill is described as an an extremely enthusiastic and irrepressible scientist, especially when he encounters new, exciting field of research. His new interest in DNA quickly inspired him to look at the problem of DNA condensation and the breakdown of mean field theories of counterion effects. Throughout the 1990s, he pursued a parallel program dealing with the rational synthesis and design of nanoparticles and their interactions in solution.

His first interest in biologically problem was the organization of DNA and histones into nucleosomes and chromatin. Bill began to work with his old friend's son, Jon Widom, who is a delete "brilliant...let the facts speak for themselves brilliant biologist and expert on DNA condensation, nucleosomes, and chromatin. In the late 1990s, they began to collaborate and published in 2001 about how polymer reputation could account for the repositioning of bound nucleosomes. However, this collaboration was ended immediately by Bill’s interest in virus.