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Anatomy
When it comes to the stability and the structure of the pelvis, or pelvic girdle, understanding its function as support for the trunk and legs helps to recognize the effect a pelvic fracture has on someone. The pubic bone, the ischium and the ilium make up the pelvic girdle, fused together as one unit. They attach to both sides of the spine and circle around to create a ring and sockets to place hip joints. Attachment to the spine is important to direct force into the trunk from the legs as movement occurs, extending to one’s back. This requires the pelvis to be strong enough to withstand pressure and energy. Various muscles play important roles in pelvic stability.

Mechanisms
The different forces on the pelvis result in different fractures. . The most common force type, Lateral Compression (LC) forces, from side-impact automobile accidents and pedestrian injuries, can result in an internal rotation. The pubic rami may fracture anteriorly, for example. Forces from an anterior or posterior direction, like head-on car accidents, usually cause external rotation of the hemipelvis, an “open-book” injury. Open fractures have increased risk of infection and hemorrhaging from vessel injury, leading to higher mortality . Injuries from shear forces, like falls from above, can result in disruption of ligaments or bones. When multiple forces occur, it is called combined mechanical injury (CMI). . There are multiple ways to classify pelvic fractures, one of them being the Young-Burgess classification, which includes Anteroposterior compression type I, II and III, Lateral compression types I, II and III, and Vertical Shear. Sometimes they are determined based on stability or instability.





Signs and Symptoms
Complications are likely to result in cases of excess blood loss or punctures to certain organs, possibly leading to shock Swelling and bruising may result, more so in high-impact injuries. Pain in the affected areas may differ where severity of impact increases its likelihood and may radiate if symptoms are aggravated when one moves around.