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Aether and Gravitation
Aether has been used in various gravitational theories as a medium that helps explain gravitation and what causes it. It was used in one of Sir Isaac Newton's first published theories of gravitation. In his aether model, Newton describes aether as a meduim that "flows" continually downward toward the Earth's surface and is partially absorbed and partially re-emitted. This "circulation" of aether is what he associated the force of gravity with to help explain the action of gravity in a non-mechanical fashion. This theory described aether as a medium that was dense within objects and rare without of them.As particles of denser aether interacted with the rare aether they were attracted back to the dense aether much like cooling vapors of water are attracted back to each other to form water. This change is what caused the pull of gravity to take place, according to this early theory, and allowed an explanation for action at a distance instead of action through direct contact. Newton also explained this changing rarity and density of aether in his letter to Robert Boyle in 1679. He illustrated aether and its field around objects in this letter as well and used this as a way to inform Boyle about his theory. Though Newton eventually changed his theory to one involving force and the laws of motion, his starting platform for the modern understanding of gravity came from his original aether model for gravitation.