User:Kirthana Reddy/Evaluate an Article

Which article are you evaluating?
Biomarker (cell)

Why you have chosen this article to evaluate?
I chose this topic because i heard biomarkers but never actually knew what they mean, what their function or work was in the molecular biology industry. So as soon as i saw i thought this was a good opportunity to know and gain knowledge on it. This matters because as i went through this topic and read i knew they were a great help and use in the biotechnology industry which is kind off what made me look into it.

My preliminary impression as i read Biomarker was that it was maybe an instrument or a tool used in laboratories to manipulate a cell but as i went through i got a hold that it is what is done to a cell. More like altering cells or tissues or even fluids so that they indicate processes and responses to interventions.

Evaluate the article
A biological marker, is basically alteration in cells or fluids that can be calculated to indicate normal responses of drug for intervention. Biomarkers are used to find out how much the disease is effecting the person and predict the outcomes. In this article i read about the different classes of biomarkers, applications of biomarkers and some examples of biomarkers.

The three classes of biomarkers are prognostic, predictive and pharmacodynamic.

A prognostic biomarkers is a clinical characteristic that provides information of a particular patient health outcome.The best example for this kind of biomarkers are cholesterol and blood pressure.

A predictive biomarker measures the drug before the treatment and provides the information on effect of drug but does not tell any information on the disease. Predictive biomarkers are highly sensitive and specific.

A pharmacodynamic one measures the interactions between the drug and the receptor. They are known to be used in drug mechanism of tumor cells.

The clinical applications biomarkers are classified as molecular, cellular or imaging biomarkers. There are four main types of molecular biomarkers they are genomic, transcriptomic, proteomic and metabolic biomarkers. The genomic biomarkers are used to identify the irregular sequence in the genome of a DNA. Where as transcriptomic biomarkers analyses all the RNA molecules except exomes. These shows the molecular identity and concentration of RNA of specific population. Lastly proteomics permits the detection of changes made in proteins of protein biomarkers.

Cellular biomarkers allow cells to get isolated and characterized by their physical appearance and functions of the cells.

Imaging biomarkers allows to detect the disease earlier compared to molecular biomarkers.

Few examples of biological markers are embryonic and cancer. The embryonic biomarkers are very important to fetuses, as the role of each cells are decided by the biomarkers.