User:Kkakaiya/sandbox

Article Evaluation:

 * The article seemed to stay on track with the topic of Fast Fashion, and each section delved into important aspects of this phenomena
 * I do believe that the sections highlighting the environmental and sustainability efforts were somewhat lacking in content, specifically mentioning the amount of waste and pollution that has been created as a result of Fast Fashion movement
 * It is hard to decern whether or not the authors of this page take a clear stance in favor or against the Fast Fashion movement, but rather, the page seems to serve as a place to inform those who might not be aware of exactly what that entails
 * While I do recognize the fact that this movement is fairly new in the history of the fashion industry, the Wikipedia page seems to have a lot of accurate references that are written by reputable sources


 * While Fast Fashion offers people more cost-effective options to dress, is it genuinely worth it to support a system that inherently causes many negative externalities?

Kkakaiya (talk) 00:18, 5 February 2020 (UTC)

Paul Ruback The Wikipedia article, Climate movement is one relevant to our broader topic of environmental degradation specifically in the fashion industry. When looking at the articles’ ‘talk’ page, the climate movement is categorized into an ‘environment portal’, a ‘climate change portal’, and a ‘society portal’. However, this is not well emphasized in the article’s introductory paragraph. I think that included in the introduction should also be how this movement interacts with the environmental and societal issues associated with climate change. Also, the ‘history’ portion of the article could be elaborated on and combined with some of the ‘activities’ section. An example is incorporating the 2014 Peoples Climate March into the history of the movement since this gathering of over 300,000 is the reason that many corporations started to change their policies.

Christine Sin: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fashion_Revolution#External_links To better edit the Fashion Revolution page, I think I would want to add more information regarding how the first event went, along with how it influenced spin-offs and started its tradition. Additionally, after seeing the talk page, I see some criticism regarding the neutrality of the article. I would definitely want to put in more neutral wording to give an exact report of what the event is, rather than to seem like a promotion of it.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sustainable_fashion#External_links Sustainable fashion is a broad, continuous topic that requires some updates. I think I would mainly like to organize the content better, as its languid descriptions are not concise. Additionally, I would add more information regarding how companies (fast fashion or high-end fashion) are trying to reduce their environmental impacts.

Kush Kakaiya https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slow_fashion The Wikipedia page, Slow Fashion, describes a new phenomenon occurring in the fashion industry. Much like the “Slow Foods” movement, Slow Fashion suggests for consumers to pay close attention to the quality, sourcing and production methods of the clothes and brands they wear. This movement’s values and principles are directly oppositional to what the basis of fast fashion is. Rather than focusing on maximizing the quantity of their inventory, brands that practice Slow Fashion prioritize the quality of their products as well as ensuring that their supply chain is as sustainable as possible. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fashion_Revolution

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fast_fashion For improvements, I believe that this page should address the immense social media presence and movements that have been created in the wake of exposing many sustainability issues within the fashion industry.

My changes to Sustainable Fashion:

 * Illinois-based designer, Eileen Fisher is arguably considered to be the leading luxury designer who has consistently offered collections that prioritize sustainable sourcing and ethical business practices rather than profit maximization via questionable supply chain methods and cheap textiles. They have implemented a new campaign called "Vision 2020" where they have pledged that by the year 2020, they want the start a sustainability and human rights initiative within the fashion industry by highlighting the specific changes to their supply chain in hopes to emphasize social consciousness amongst producers and especially amongst consumers. Her hope is to change the fashion industry so that it an industry where human rights and sustainability are not the effects of a particular initiative but the cause of a business well run as well as viewing the social and environmental injustices not as unfortunate outcomes but are reasons as to why a business should be done differently.

Copyedit Article Assignment:

 * For this assignment, I had chosen to evaluate the Wikipedia article, Coachella Music and Arts Festival. As I was going throughout this article, I did not notice many grammatical changes that needed to be changed, however, I felt that if the Festival location and grounds section would make for a better flow of information if it was placed right after History section rather than after the Arts section. The reason why I believe that is because Coachella is generally known for their amazing musician selection and if someone would want to research this festival, having all the relevant information, in the beginning, would allow for greater convenience.

Final Project Topic & Sources:
A New Wikipedia Page - "Path to Sustainable Fashion"' Why there is a need? To demonstrate that companies can move toward more sustainable practices while also increasing revenue.

We would like to create a new Wikipedia page regarding the “Path to Sustainable Fashion” (title is still work in progress). In this article, we will briefly introduce fast fashion and its popularity in the 1990s-2000s era. Then, we will delve deeper into the specific detrimental contributions to the environment that fast fashion companies have committed. Within this section, we are hoping to add some statistics regarding the level of impact and damage done by major fast fashion companies. After this, we will highlight companies who have vowed to commit to a more sustainable future and how they mean to go about it. The primary focus of this Wikipedia article is how these fashion companies intend on precluding further environmental harm. Lastly, we will observe consumer reception -- the consumer’s side of altering these companies’ current ways, along with the supportive and critical views of these companies’ devotion to lessening environmental damage.

Sources:

The True Cost of Fast Fashion - The Economist

Style That’s Sustainable: McKinsey & Co’s New Fast Fashion Solution https://www.mckinsey.com/business-functions/sustainability/our-insights/style-thats-sustainable-a-new-fast-fashion-formula

Remy, Nathalie, et al. “Style That's Sustainable: A New Fast-Fashion Formula.” McKinsey & Company, Oct. 2016, www.mckinsey.com/business-functions/sustainability/our-insights/style-thats-sustainable-a-new-fast-fashion-formula.

Case Study of a Sustainable Supply Chain: All Birds https://www.voguebusiness.com/companies/allbirds-building-a-sustainable-supply-chain Cernansky, Rachel. “How Allbirds Built a Sustainable Supply Chain.” Vogue Business, Vogue Business, 14 May 2019, www.voguebusiness.com/companies/allbirds-building-a-sustainable-supply-chain.

Fixing the Fashion Industry, Michael Lavergne Lavergne, Michael. Fixing Fashion : Rethinking the Way We Make, Market and Buy Our Clothes. New Society Publishers, 2015. EBSCOhost, search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=nlebk&AN=1064474&site=eds-live.

17 Objectives Created by the UN Alliance for Sustainable Fashion https://www.voguebusiness.com/sustainability/un-set-17-sustainability-goals-needs-fashions-help-meeting-them Cernansky, Rachel, et al. “The UN Set 17 Sustainability Goals. It Needs Fashion's Help Meeting Them.” Vogue Business, 20 Feb. 2020, www.voguebusiness.com/sustainability/un-set-17-sustainability-goals-needs-fashions-help-meeting-them.

Green Fashion Retail, Jochen Strahle https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007%2F978-981-10-2440-5 Strähle Jochen. Green Fashion Retail. Springer Singapore, 2018.

Sustainability in Fashion: A Cradle to Upcycle Approach, Claudia E. Henninger https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007%2F978-3-319-51253-2 Henninger, Claudia E., et al. Sustainability in Fashion: a Cradle to Upcycle Approach. Palgrave Macmillan, 2018.

Fast Fashion, Fashion Brands and Sustainable Consumption, Subramanian Senthilkannan Muthu https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007%2F978-981-13-1268-7 Henninger, Claudia E., et al. Sustainability in Fashion: a Cradle to Upcycle Approach. Palgrave Macmillan, 2018.

UN Alliance for Sustainable Fashion hosts an Environmental Assembly to Halt destructive business practices https://www.business-standard.com/article/news-ians/un-alliance-to-halt-environmentally-destructive-fashion-practices-119031500034_1.html Ians. “UN Alliance to Halt Environmentally Destructive Fashion Practices.” Business Standard, Business-Standard, 14 Mar. 2019, www.business-standard.com/article/news-ians/un-alliance-to-halt-environmentally-destructive-fashion-practices-119031500034_1.html.

Come Together


''Come together is a symbol of power. It depicts Murphy's girlfriend's fist raised during the women's March in DC in early 2018. There are over 2000 pieces of wood that make up the shape. This piece is currently being shown in an interactive art show known as "Point of View" that is touring within a company named Wonderspaces.''

Fast and Slow fashion
For a long time, it was defined as an opposition to fast fashion. Unlike fast fashion, slow fashion ensures quality garments through slow and ethical production. A key facet of slow fashion is having consumers develop an emotional connection to their clothing, extending the lifetime of the garment.[5] Taxation is in the early stages of development in order to deter fashion companies from purchasing or producing materials that are not made with recycled, organic, or re-purposed materials.[6] Utilizing materials already made will reduce the industry's carbon footprint.[6] In accordance with the slow movement, there is a trend towards more conscious buying as well as companies attracting new consumers with their eco-friendly processes. Forbes has released reports noting different companies shift to more sustainable fashion. Although the price is sometimes a deterrent for purchasing slow fashion apparel, high-quality clothing crafted with ethically sourced materials would outlive five cheap pieces of clothing. Generally, the more a person spends on their clothes, the more value the item will hold (see empathic design below). It makes the piece more special and therefore will make the person feel better about what they wear. Slow fashion clothing is made up of high-quality materials usually with timeless designs that can be worn year-round and never go out of style. Slow fashion garments should also consider the end of the life cycle. Generally, if it is well-made and with natural fibers it can be broken down easier. Based on the three principles of slow design that were created in 2006 in Milan, Hazel Clark, in SLOW + FASHION—an Oxymoron—or a Promise for the Future…? decided to define the principles of the Slow Fashion Movement:


 * taking a local approach
 * having a transparent production system
 * making sustainable and sensorial products

Fast Fashion
Management[edit] The primary objective of fast fashion is to quickly produce a product in a cost-efficient manner to respond to fast-changing consumer tastes in as near real-time as possible. This efficiency is achieved through the retailers’ understanding of the target market's wants, which is a high fashion-looking garment at a price at the lower end of the clothing sector.[2] Primarily, the concept of category management has been used to align the retail buyer and the manufacturer in a more collaborative relationship.[13] This collaboration occurs as many companies’ resources are pooled to further develop a more sophisticated and efficient supply chain models to increase the market's total profit. The fast-fashion market utilizes this by uniting with foreign manufacturers to keep prices at a minimum. Supply chain[edit] Supply chain systems are meant to reduce costs in the process of moving goods from the design concept to retail stores through to consumption.[23] Efficient supply chains are critical to delivering the retail customer promise of fast fashion. Inefficiency primarily occurs when suppliers can't respond quickly enough, and clothing ends up bottlenecked and in back stock.[19] Two kinds of supply chains exist, agile and lean. In an agile supply chain, the principal characteristics include the sharing of information and technology.[18] These two traits of an agile supply chain result in a reduction in the amount of stock in the megastores. A lean supply chain is characterized as the correct appropriation of the commodity for the product.[18] The combination of the two supply chains is called "leagile."[2]

Response to Peer Reviews
We don’t see our assigned article on the WikiEdu, and so we don’t have any feedback from classmates. However, we will try to make the content more unbiased and have proper citations. We will improve the formatting of the page, making sure each subheading follows in a natural progression. We will make grammatical changes as needed.

Fast and Slow fashion
For a long time, it was defined as an opposition to fast fashion. Unlike fast fashion, slow fashion ensures quality garments through slow and ethical production. A key facet of slow fashion is having consumers develop an emotional connection to their clothing, extending the lifetime of the garment.[5] Taxation is in the early stages of development in order to deter fashion companies from purchasing or producing materials that are not made with recycled, organic, or re-purposed materials.[6] Utilizing materials already made will reduce the industry's carbon footprint.[6] In accordance with the slow movement, there is a trend towards more conscious buying as well as companies attracting new consumers with their eco-friendly processes. Forbes has released reports noting different companies shift to more sustainable fashion. Although the price is sometimes a deterrent for purchasing slow fashion apparel, high-quality clothing crafted with ethically sourced materials would outlive five cheap pieces of clothing. Generally, the more a person spends on their clothes, the more value the item will hold (see empathic design below). It makes the piece more special and therefore will make the person feel better about what they wear. Slow fashion clothing is made up of high-quality materials usually with timeless designs that can be worn year-round and never go out of style. Slow fashion garments should also consider the end of the life cycle. Generally, if it is well-made and with natural fibers it can be broken down easier. Based on the three principles of slow design that were created in 2006 in Milan, Hazel Clark, in SLOW + FASHION—an Oxymoron—or a Promise for the Future…? decided to define the principles of the Slow Fashion Movement:


 * taking a local approach
 * having a transparent production system
 * making sustainable and sensorial products

Fast Fashion
Management[edit] The primary objective of fast fashion is to quickly produce a product in a cost-efficient manner to respond to fast-changing consumer tastes in as near real-time as possible. This efficiency is achieved through the retailers’ understanding of the target market's wants, which is a high fashion-looking garment at a price at the lower end of the clothing sector.[2] Primarily, the concept of category management has been used to align the retail buyer and the manufacturer in a more collaborative relationship.[13] This collaboration occurs as many companies’ resources are pooled to further develop a more sophisticated and efficient supply chain models to increase the market's total profit. The fast-fashion market utilizes this by uniting with foreign manufacturers to keep prices at a minimum. Supply chain[edit] Supply chain systems are meant to reduce costs in the process of moving goods from the design concept to retail stores through to consumption.[23] Efficient supply chains are critical to delivering the retail customer promise of fast fashion. Inefficiency primarily occurs when suppliers can't respond quickly enough, and clothing ends up bottlenecked and in back stock.[19] Two kinds of supply chains exist, agile and lean. In an agile supply chain, the principal characteristics include the sharing of information and technology.[18] These two traits of an agile supply chain result in a reduction in the amount of stock in the megastores. A lean supply chain is characterized as the correct appropriation of the commodity for the product.[18] The combination of the two supply chains is called "leagile."[2]

Environmental impact
According to the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe, the fast fashion system provides opportunities for economic growth but the entire fashion industry hinders sustainability efforts by contributing to 20 % of wastewater. In addition, fast fashion is responsible for nearly 10 percent of global gas emissions. Providing insight, the Ellen Macarthur Foundation released study results on fashion and suggests a new circular system. Clothing is not utilized to its full potential, the Ellen MacArthur Foundation explains that linear systems are contributing to unsustainable behavior and the future of fashion may need to transition towards a circular system of production and consumer behavior. When looking at the #FastFashion social media movement, there is a huge offline presence that advocates for better sustainability methods. One of the most impactful offline campaigns that has been implemented across many brands is pushing services that prioritize restoring and reusing their clothing rather than replacing them.

Journalist Elizabeth L. Cline, author of Overdressed: The Shockingly High Cost of Cheap Fashion and one of the earliest critics of fast fashion, notes in her article Where Does Discarded Clothing Go? that Americans are purchasing five times the amount of clothing than they did in 1980. Due to this rise in consumption, developed countries are producing more and more garments each season. The United States imports more than 1 billion garments annually from China alone. United Kingdom textile consumption surged by 37% from 2001 to 2005. The Global Fashion Business Journal reported that in 2018, the global fiber production has reached the highest all-time, 107 million metric tons.

The average American household produces 70 lb of textile waste every year. The residents of New York City discard around 193,000 tons of clothing and textiles, which equates to 6% of all the city's garbage. In comparison, the European Union generates a total of 5.8 million tons of textiles each year. While As a whole, the textile industry occupies roughly 5% of all landfill space. The clothing that is discarded into landfills is often made from non-biodegradable synthetic materials.

Greenhouse gases and various pesticides and dyes are released into the environment by fashion-related operations. The United Nations estimated that the business of what we wear, including its long supply chains, is responsible for 10 percent of the greenhouse gas emissions heating our planet. The growing demand for quick fashion continuously adds effluent release from the textile factories, containing both dyes and caustic solutions. In comparison, greenhouse gas emissions from textile production companies is more than international flights and maritime shipping combined annually. The materials used not only affect the environment in textile product, but also the workers and the people who wear the clothes. The hazardous substances effect all aspects of life and release into the environments around them. Optoro estimates that 5 billion pounds of waste is generated through returns each year, contributing 15 million metric tons of carbon dioxide to the atmosphere.

Technology
Fast fashion brands like ASOS.com, Levi’s, Macy's, North Face have turned to sizing technology that use algorithms to solve sizing issues, and give accurate size recommendations on their website to reduce environmental impact on returns. H&M's design team is implementing 3D design, 3D sampling and 3D prototyping to help cut waste, while artificial intelligence can be used to produce small garment runs for specific stores.

Companies are helping support the circular system in fashion production and consumer behavior by renting out clothes to customers with recycled or reuse items. New York & Company Closet and American Eagle Style Drop are examples of rental services that can be offered to customers when subscribed to the program. Tulerie, a smartphone application offers borrowing, renting, or sharing of clothes in local communities across the globe; users have the opportunity to profit by renting clothes as well.

As our global society has become even more interconnected as a result of increased technological innovation, consumers have become more and more aware of the environmental and ethical detriments that the industry causes, and have been initiating waves of smaller social movements via various social media platforms in hopes to slow the impacts of fast fashion. Social media has directly helped increase consumer awareness of the issue behind the fast fashion industry. Rather than placing sole responsibility for radical change in the hands of the companies or designers themselves, social media has allowed for anyone to vocalize their perspectives on this issue, or even take it a step further and take action into their hands. Considering that the Fast Fashion movement calls its user base to expose the harsh environmental and humanitarian injustices imposed by select corporations, it can be perceived that social media platforms facilitate the widening of the Overton Window, or allow for a broader range of unrestricted ideas and discourses. For this particular social movement, Twitter, Instagram, Facebook, LinkedIn and independent blog forums were the primary platforms that inspired individuals, or activist groups would use to educate others on the horrors of the Fast Fashion Movement. While there are certain demographic changes across the realm of these social media platforms, activists used various hashtags to centralize all the relevant content as well as establishing a more consistent and powerful virtual presence. As advocacy groups and concerned individuals started popularizing select hashtags and keywords, the centrality of coverage would allow for the movement to establish stronger network internalities across a plethora of groups and organizations. Twitter posts using these keywords and hashtags are more frequently referenced by journalists or other media publications as opposed to Facebook groups or Instagram posts. The fact that there are a plethora of popular hashtags that renounce the environmental impacts of Fast Fashion, such as #WhoMadeMyClothes, #SecondHandSeptember, #SustainableFashion, #Sustainability and #SlowFashion allows for this movement to maximize the user base that sees the content in hopes that it would lead to a greater level of user engagement.

Design strategies & techniques
According to FutureLearn, which is an online platform offering a plethora of courses to its users, the following design strategies and techniques can be applied to make fast fashion more sustainable:


 * Zero Waste Pattern Cutting: This technique eliminates potential textile waste right at the design stage, where the pattern pieces are strategically laid like a jigsaw puzzle onto a precisely measured piece of fabric.
 * Minimal Seam Construction: This technique allows faster manufacturing time by lessening the number of seams that are necessary to stitch a garment.
 * Design for Disassembly (DfD): The main intention of this strategy involves designing a product in such a way that it can be easily taken apart at the end of its lifespan and this allows the use of fewer materials.
 * Craft preservation: This technique combines and incorporates ancestral craft techniques into modern designs and in a way it ensures preservation of traditional craftsmanship through innovation.
 * Transformational/Multifunctional: This strategy can be used to design products or garments that could be worn in numerous ways and can even have elements that are reversible. The best real-life example is the Carry on Closet fashion line created and developed by Antithesis.
 * Pull Factor Framework: Brands such as L.L Bean and Harvey Nichols implemented a “Pull Factor Framework” which is a new methodology that strives to make sustainable innovation more enticing for consumers and producers alike. One-way brands successfully utilize the Pull Factor Framework is by facilitating radical transparency in various aspects of their business such as their shedding light on their supply chain production or informing their customers about their ethical sourcing methods. In 2013, designer Stella McCartney created a video campaign that exposed the horrendous environmental problems caused by many brands. Since then, she has shifted her business model where the emphasis is placed on creating a totally sustainable brand, ranging from their production methods to their supply chain. Her efforts to promote ethical fashion was a catalyst for many other high fashion and fast fashion brands to change their business models so that they are more environmentally conscious.