User:Klandry2001/sandbox

11/17 Kameryn this looks excellent great work! -- 11/15 Peer Review Response to Teacher's Comments

High throughput cell biology has many definitions, but is most commonly defined by the search for active compounds in natural materials like in medicinal plants. This is also know as high throughput screening (HTS) and is how most drug discoveries are made today, many cancer drugs, antibiotics, or viral antagonists have been discovered using HTS. The process of HTS also tests substances for potentially harmful chemicals that could be potential human health risks. HTS generally involves hundreds of samples of cells with the model disease and hundreds of different compounds being tested from a specific source. Most often a computer is used to determine when a compound of interest has a desired or interesting effect on the cell samples.

Using this method has contributed to the discovery of the drug Sorafenib (Nexavar). Sorafenib is used as medication to treat multiple types of cancers, including rebel cell carcinoma (RCC, cancer in the kidneys), hepatocellular carcinoma (liver cancer), and thyroid cancer. It helps stop cancer cells from reproducing by blocking the abnormal proteins present. In 1994, high throughput screening for this particular drug was completed. It was initially discovered by Bayer Pharmaceuticals in 2001. By using a RAF kinase biochemical assay, 200,000 compounds were screened from medicinal chemistry directed synthesis or combinatorial libraries to identify active molecules against activeRAF kinase. Following three trials of testing, it was found to have anti-angiogenic effects on the cancers, which stops the process of creating new blood vessels in the body.

Another discovery made using HTS is Maraviroc. It is an HIV entry inhibitor, and slows the process and prevents HIV from being able to enter human cells. It is used to treat a variety of cancers as well, reducing or blocking the metastasis of cancer cells, which is when cancer cells spread to a completely different part of the body from where it started. High throughput screening for Maraviroc was completed in 1997, and finalized in 2005 by Pfizer global research and development team. - 11/10 Shannon's comments:

Looks much better!

For the first paragraph a couple grammatical adjustments would improve the writing: For the first sentence generally the search is for active compounds which are tiny molecules so I would get rid of the "tiny molecules" and instead say something like "High throughput cell biology is the search for active compounds in natural materials like... [provide examples of places that HTS have isolated compounds from]." The next sentence could be "This is how most drug discoveries are made today, many cancer drugs, antibiotics, or viral antagonists have been discovered through HTS."

I would change "could risk the health of people" to "be potential human health risks." I'm not sure what you mean by computerized system - sometimes a computerized system is involved but usually there are actually cells involved as well - I think what you're describing is a very specific type of HTS. I would go for a more general description like:"HTS generally involves hundreds of samples of cells with the model disease and hundreds of different compounds being tested from a specific source, a computer is often used to determine when a compound of interest has a desired or interesting effect on the cell samples."

For both your second and third paragraphs I think you need more information. How was HTS used to discover these compounds? Where were they isolated from - some of my friends use coral or soil samples to extract compounds from and then treat a cell population of interest. Also for the third paragraph does the drug work on both HIV prevention and preventing cancer metastasis? How did the researchers come to discover that the compound was active on both cancer and HIV? - 11/7 Peer Review Response:

High throughput cell biology has many definitions, but is most commonly defined as the process of using basic cell biology techniques to identify the tiny molecules inside an active compound. This is also known as high throughput screening (HTS), which is used to detect and find drugs in a system through the use of many tests and research. This is how most drug discoveries are made today, as it screens for different properties and structures in what is being tested. The process of HTS also tests substances for potentially harmful chemicals that could risk the health of people. It is completed through a computerized system that is able to identify the compound being tested, as well as the activator component and/or the inhibitor component of the compound.

Using this method has been used in the discovery of the drug Sorafenib (Nexavar). Sorafenib is used as medication to treat multiple types of cancers, including renel cell carcinoma (RCC, cancer in the kidneys), hepatocellular carcinoma (liver cancer), and thyroid cancer. It helps stop cancer cells from reproducing by blocking the abnormal protein present. In 1994, high throughput screening for this particular drug was completed. Following three trials of testing, it was found to have anti-angiogenic effects on the cancers, which stops the process of creating new blood vessels in the body.

Another discovery made using HTS is Maraviroc. It is an HIV entry inhibitor, and slows the process and prevents HIV from being able to enter human cells. It is used to treat a variety of cancers, and mainly reduces or blocks metastasis of cancer cells, which is when cancer cells spread to a completely different part of the body from where it started. High throughput screening for this particular drug was completed in 1997. 10/30 Peer Review by Penelope Sky:

Hi Kameryn - I'm not sure I totally understand what high throughput biology is or what the process of HTS is. Is there a machine that a sample is put through for screening? Or what kinds of instruments/tools do the researchers use to perform the test? What kinds of samples are used, blood? I think getting more specific with the definition of high throughput biology and the details of the process of screening will strengthen your contribution. I purposefully didn't read the wiki article to make sure I came at this with no prior knowledge of the topic.

Did any of the articles you read explain where these drugs come from? In other words, Sorafenib is an indication of cancer, but what does that mean? Is it something produced by the body or comes from smoking or poor diet? Maybe they didn't explain that, but might be interesting to look into! You might want to try rearranging the sentences around this drug's discovery too. Maybe something like, "In 1994, the drug Sorafenib (also known as Nexavar) was discovered through high throughput screening. The drug was found to come from (fill in the blank) and indicates the presence of cancer. Through these trials of testing, Sorafenib was found to have anti-angiogenic affects on certain cancers, especially in the thyroid."

Side note: What is anti-angiogenic? And drug names should probably be capitalized?

I feel like I understand Maraviroc from your description. It is clear how it affects HIV. Maybe again look at arrangement of these sentences and put the date towards the front.

Beefing up the content around the method of screening will help meet more of the assignment criteria. You have 3 paragraphs, but I think finding more details on the process of screening and with a little more background (what high throughput means and what instrumentation and sample types are used) will help overall understanding of the topic and discoveries that came from it.

I hope this helps for your project! I look forward to seeing what further details you might add. Wiki Article Draft

High throughput biology has many definitions, including high throughput screening. High throughput screening (HTS) is used to detect and find drugs in a system through the use of many tests and research. This is how most drug discoveries are made today, as it screens for different properties and structures in what is being tested. Using this method has been used in the discovery of the drug sorafenib (Nexavar) which is an indication of cancer. High throughput screening for this was completed in 1994. Following three trials of testing for this drug, it was found to have anti-angiogenic effects on certain cancers, especially thyroid cancer.

Another discovery made using high throughput screening is maraviroc, which is an HIV entry inhibitor. It slows the process and prevents HIV from being able to enter human cells. High throughput screening of this drug was completed in 1997.