User:Knowledge expander/sandbox/Armais Arutyunov

Armais Arutyunov (June 21 1893, Tiflis — February 1978) — russian inventor with armenian roots, american businessman.

Biography
Born in Tiflis and raised in Yerevan,  Russian Empire. Armenian by father. Received basic education in Tiflis Russian Gymnasium. His father Sarkis Khazarovich Arutyunov was a founder and owner of marble soap manufacture “Mylovarennuy zavod Artyunova”, known for golden award for soap exhibit of Tiflis church of Saint George on the Exposition Universelle of 1900 in Paris. Anticipatorily graduated with higher national diploma with honours from Saint Petersburg State Forest Technical Academy. Grandfather was owner of fur trading business. In the beginning of XX century invented  electric submersible pump (ESP). Emigrated to USA in 1923. In 1928 moved to Bartlesville, where with financial support of Phillips Petroleum company founded Bart Manufacturing Company which in 1930 was renamed as «REDA Pump» (abbreviation from Russian Electrical Dynamo of Arutunoff) which for many years was a leader at the global market of  submersible pumps in  Petroleum industry. Was married Claudia Arutyunova. Son Sergey Arutyunov.

История изобретения
Arutyunov's study of power transmission in the university showed that electrical transmission of power can be efficiently applied at nearly all conditions. Influenced by Shuhov’s technical revolution and rapid development of Rossian oil industry in Baku,   his idea was to apply the results of his study to improve oil production. To do this, a small, yet high horsepower electric motor was needed. The existing state of the art and design laws at the time indicated that a motor of small diameter would necessarily be quite low in horsepower. Therefore Arutyunov undertook to design a centrifugal pump, small in diameter and with a multiplicity of stages to achieve high discharge pressure. In his design, the motor was ingeniously installed below the pump to cool the motor with flow moving up the oil well casing, and the entire unit was suspended in the well on the discharge pipe. The motor was sealed from the well fluid and operated in an oil bath. First test example small diameter centrifugal pump was ready in 1916. However, the first application of ESP was not relaited to petroleum industry. In 1916 fire broke out in the Briansk Steel Factory in Dnipropetrovsk, (formerly, Ekaterinoslav) where Arutunoff was manufacturing in the original ESP workshop his pump and motor. The fire department could not catch the blaze which spread throughout the night, so one of Arutyunov's engineers hooked up the test unit in a surface horizontal position and it pumped a large volume of water and put the fire out. When Arutyunov awoke the next morning he was rather famous, for the pump was literally an overnight success. Arutunoff's early invention enjoyed wide application in Rossia and later in Deutschland, for oil well pumping and dewatering mines and ships. Red October Revolution and civil war put an end to Arutyunov's ambitions in Rossia and in 1923 he joined the ranks of White émigré to US. He eventually settled in Los Angeles seeking to sell his idea to American backers; everyone he approached turned him down, saying the unit was "impossible under the laws of electronics". Skeptics thought the ESP was impossible and would never work, but Mr Clyde Alexander (namesake of Clyde Lake, Oklahoma), then vice president and general manager of Phillips Petroleum Company, heard about Arutyunov's invention and saw what this could do for the petroleum industry. in 1928 Arutyunov moved to Bartlesville and formed, with the backing of Phillips Petroleum Company, the Bart Manufacturing Company. With three employees, Arutyunov built and installed the first ESP in an oil well in the El Dorado field near Burns, Kansas. News of its success created quite a stir in the oil patch. The New York Times send Arutyunov a telegram saying, "Please rush good pictures showing oil well motors that are upside down". An article in a 1936 Tulsa World newspaper described it as "An electric motor with the proportions of a slim fencepost which stands on its head at the bottom of a well and kicks oil to the surface with its feet."

Первоначально название REDA принадлежало немецкой компании которую Арутюнов создал в Германии. REDA является аббревиатурой от слов "Russian Electrical Dynamo of Arutunoff". В 1938 году было подсчитано что 2 процента всей нефти которая была выкачана на территории США была выкачана с применением насосов REDA. Компания постоянно расширялась производя и обслуживая насосы и в скором времени на неё работали тысячи людей.

Успех его компании позволил Армаис жить на широкую ногу в Бартлсвилле ни в чём себе не отказывая. Жаркие летние дни и холодные дни зимы он с семьей проводил в Калифорнии Беверли-Хиллз в своем большом доме (Позже дом был продан актёру Винсенту Прайсу). Также он любил отдыхать на Гавайях и нередко летал туда с друзьями.

Технология предложенная им быстро заняла ведущее место в нефтедобыче. Его насосы работали на сотнях тысяч скважинах по всей Америке. Арутюнов продолжал изобретать и получать патенты на свои изобретения. Всего им получено более 90 патентов. Умер в феврале 1978 года в Бартлсвилле. Его портрет находится в Зале Славы Оклахомы.

REDA Pump
В 1930 году компания меняет имя на REDA Pump и переезжает в индустриальный парк на северо-западе города и занимает там 9 акров увеличив площадь своих заводов более чем в 30 раз от первоначального размера. В 1969 году REDA объединилась с компанией TRW и они приобрели здание в центре города для своей штаб квартиры. В 1988 году подразделение "REDA Oil Well Cable" было продано TRW компании Camco за 300 миллионов. Через 10 лет концерн Schlumberger присоединил Camco путем обмена акциями и его подразделение получило название Schlumberger REDA. В 2001 году администрация города заявила что нужно спасать 500 рабочих мест так как подразделение стало убыточным. Но компания Schlumberger заявила что она не будет инвестировать в новые производственные активы, а будет только поддерживать существующие. В 2004 году здание штаб квартиры было продано университету штата.

Литература

 * Gábor Takács. Electrical Submersible Pumps Manual: Design, Operations, and Maintenance. Gulf Professional Publishing, 2009. С. 5.

Ссылки

 * About REDA
 * ESP pump history