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Shikonin Shikonin is a plant secondary metabolite that has attracted high research attention due to their notable pharmacological activities, which include antimicrobial, anticancer, wound healing, anti-inflammatory, and antithrombotic uses. Shikonin and its derivatives are the napthoquinone pigments, distributed among members of the family Boraginaceae. These include different species of Lithospermum, Arnebia, Alkanna, Anchusa, Echium and Onosma. Because the root bark (cork layers) of this plant contains large amounts of red naphthoquinone pigments, the roots of these plants are red-purple in color. If shikonin is extracted from fresh tissues, it gradually darkens over several days, finally becoming black precipitates, which are thought to be polymers.