User:Krao01/Water supply and sanitation in Peru/Npatel23 Peer Review

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 * Krao01
 * User:Krao01/sandbox

I'm copy-pasting your content here and adding my edits in bold type. Most of them are nit-picky wording changes but I'll leave general feedback in bullet points after each article.

= Article #1: Water Supply and Sanitation in Peru =

Social Access
Parts of Peru are located in vast deserts, limiting water accessibility. While there has been an emphasis within the country to focus in on improving infrastructural resources to strengthen water access and restoring watersheds, much of Peru still remains underserved, with over 1.5 million people estimated to have no running water in their homes. (I think all citations can be at the end of a sentence, not completely sure though). A report conducted by the UN Water Global Analysis and Assessment of Sanitation and Drinking Water, Peru has made significant improvements within the last fifteen years to promoting sanitation and improving access to water .But, upon closer inspection, it is realized that accessibility of water does not correlate with every person in Peru receiving water. The system of water distribution is still not given equally to every citizen, with reported rates of citizens with running water being charged 1.3 sols (.40 USD) for one cubic meter while poorer citizens who rely on water delivery trucks to bring them their resources pay around 20 sols ($6 USD) for one cubic meter of water, an over 1500% increase. Water delivered in Peru tends to be unsanitary and non-potable. However, wealthier citizens are more easily able to treat water in their homes, while poorer citizens often lack the resources to properly treat their water.

"Water for everyone"[ edit]
In September 2006, the new President Alan García announced an ambitious investment plan for the water and sanitation sector called “Water for everyone” (Agua para todos), promising water access to all Peruvians – mainly to the poorest – by the end of his mandate. However, as of 2020, there are have been no further developments on this proposed plan'''. Currently, water delivery projects by the Government involve partnerships with NGO's such as the non-profit Water for Everyone.'''

Lobitos and EcoSwell
Non profit work on water accessibility without government support is currently occurring, in Northern Peru, in the Talara region. EcoSwell identified a need for sustainable organizing and environmental and economic stability. As taken from their website, their Bottom-Up approach to non-profit organization focuses “on the needs of the base of the pyramid” Ecoswell has chosen to centralize in Lobitios due to its coastal location, growing population, and flow of tourism, as well as the importance for rural communities like Lobitos to “mitigate and adapt to Climate Change”. As a result, EcoSwell has multiple projects to ensure the long term sustainability of the town. The community’s needs are primarily focused around sustainability and working towards an economic pattern of no growth. Peru already has a history of moving towards sustainability and making work to extend the Peruvian journey towards sustainability, as previously mentioned by Treehugger magazine. Lobitos is located in a dry zone that does not have a lot of access to fresh water, so desalinization is a smart alternative during drought periods, that can derive resources from the ocean that Lobitos is located right next to. The project revolves around solar-powered distillers that have been developed and are now seeking greater community support and funding, to build large versions and keep it running.

Water resources and impact of climate change
On average, surface water in Peru is abundant. Nevertheless, it is unequally distributed in space and time. Especially the coastal area, where the country's major cities are located and two thirds of the population live, is very dry. Lima with 8 million people, is the world's second largest city located on a desert (after Cairo). The peaks of the Andes are the source of many Peruvian rivers. Peru contains over two-thirds of all tropical glaciers which provide important water sources for the dry western half of the country. These glaciers are rapidly melting as a result of climate change, making the flow of rivers more irregular, leading to more droughts and floods. A report by a team from the World Bank published in June 2007 in the bulletin of the American Geophysical Union (AGU) predicts that many of the lower glaciers in the Andes will be gone in the next decade or so, and that glacial runoff may dry up altogether within 20 years. The last comprehensive satellite survey by Peru's National Environmental Council, carried out in 1997, found that the area covered by glaciers had shrunk by 22% since the early 1960s. Partial surveys by geologists suggest that the rate at which the glaciers are melting has sped up over the past decade. Additionally, as these glaciers rapidly melt, they also expose the water to contaminants in the glaciers, such as lead and cadaium, making it unsafe to consume,

For example, the Quelccaya ice cap is the second largest in the Peruvian Andes and has shrunk by 30% in the last 33 years. Streams fed by glaciers and rainwater provide water further downstream.

Parts of Peru are in arid, dry desert-like conditions, which in turn have created a drought-like situation. As global temperatures increase, these areas are at higher risk of not obtaining steady access to water in already limited amounts. This is seen in Peru in the primarily Northern part of the country where there is much more desert-like conditions,

Sustainability
Discussed in Treehugger magazine, there is a sustainability sweet spot, in which a nation has a high level of human development cross-checked with ecologically sustainable use of resources. Peru is one of the very few countries falling into this sweet spot. The sustainability methods of Peru is a relatively modern ideology that has not been thought about in the grand scheme of time. Peru is able to pursue a method of sustainability since it has a large amount of readily available natural resources, as opposed to other countries that rely heavily on imports for mass amounts of natural resources. It is also important to understand how sustainable Peru's future water resources will remain as climate change progresses and rapidly affects the water supply. For example, the Rimac, Chillon, and Lurin River are all central to Peru's water supply, and are not equipped to handle the growing population. As it stands, there are no current plans by the government to deal with this issue.