User:Kristalerma653/sandbox

Monochronic time orientation is very prominent in North European cultures, Italy, Greece, Spain, England, and the Scandinavian countries. These countries run on monochronic time orientation. For example, a businessman from the USA has a meeting scheduled. He grows frustrated because he is waiting an hour for his partner to arrive. This is an example of a monochronic time oriented individual running in with a polychronic time oriented individual.

Examples of polychronic cultures are: Latin American, African, Arab, and Native American cultures. These cultures view on time can be connected to “Natural rhythms, the earth, and the seasons.” These analogies can be understood and compared because because natural events can occur spontaneously and sporadically, just like polychronic time oriented people and polychronic time oriented cultures. A scenario would be an Eskimo working in a factory in Alaska, the superiors blow a whistle to alert for break times, etc. the Eskimo are not fond of that method because they determine their times by the sea tides. How long it takes place and how long it lasts. In polychronic cultures, “time spent with others” is considered a “task” and of importance to one’s daily regimen.

When Thomas Bruneau established the term “Chronemics” while writing a paper for his communication class at Penn State University, he deemed that “Chronemics concerns human temporalities as they are bound to semiotic and communicative interactions.” For “thirty-five years” he worked at “developing a new nonverbal communication code system concerned with human time-experiencing.” (Bruneau, 1974, 1977, 1979a, b, 1985a, b, 1987, 1988, 1990, 1996, 2007, 2009a, b). This area of communication study has come to be called "chronemics." We are, to use the words of Bradley, "homo temporalis" an advanced animal species comprised of levels and kinds of human temporalities (Bradley, 1973).”