User:KrzysztofPoplawski/sandbox/Haughtiness

Haughtiness is defined by Merriam-Webster as "blatantly and disdainfully proud" and "having or showing an attitude of superiority and contempt for people or things perceived to be inferior". Cambridge Dictionary define it as a "unfriendly behaviour that shows you consider yourself better than other people".

(Hebräisch גָּאוֹן ga'on; Ancient Greek: μεγαλοψυχία megalopsychia; Latin superbia), also called presumption, arrogance and arrogance or pretention, has been understood since the early modern period to be the habitus of persons who unrealistically estimate their own worth, rank or abilities.

Pride and Haughtiness
In Christianity, haughtiness is considered the first sin to appear in the universe. It is argued that pride is the main sin, the root cause of all other sins.

V. Dahl's dictionary does not distinguish between these concepts.

V. Vasilenko, "A Concise Religious and Philosophical Dictionary" (1996), notes: "Eastern asceticism identifies pride and pride, which is reflected in the practice of the Russian language. In the Western tradition, pride is distinguished from pride and interpreted in a morally neutral or positive sense - as a natural sense of self-esteem, knowledge of one's own worth, as creative daring, as a consciousness of adoption by God".

V. Vasilenko also notes that in ancient thought, Pride (Greek hybris) is "a daring way out of the limits determined by fate"  In Herodotus, the Persian Artabanus says to Xerxes: "You see that God strikes with lightning the outstanding size and strength of living beings, trying to destroy them, but he does not notice the small ones. You see how he always strikes the tallest buildings and trees with his lightning: after all, God loves to humble all outstanding things".

In the "Journey from St. Petersburg to Moscow" this word is synonymous with arrogance, pride, vanity, the fact that it is of the same origin as pride, indicates the word "grief", meaning "up" (the middle of the chapter "Khotilov").

https://bible.org/illustration/pride-and-haughtiness

https://quod.lib.umich.edu/e/ecco/004892937.0001.001/1:7.177?rgn=div2;view=fulltext

https://comparewords.com/haughty/pride

Many languages have different word for both terms: pride and haughtiness and have similar meaning but different connontation. While pride is a positive emotion, mostly connected with achievements but haughtiness is a human pose assessed negative connected with a state of mind that allow the person think that is better than other while pride not contain comparison to others. Sometimes is a result of rivalry (sports) but it's not rule.

While pride is mainly connected with achievements and/or result of acting that haughtiness it's not necessary connected with both.

https://eu.jacksonsun.com/story/opinion/columnists/2018/04/26/humility-and-haughtiness/554427002/

Hubris vs Haughtiness
Hubris

Synonyma
Other synonyms are:


 * Pretension
 * Conceit
 * Blaseness
 * Pretention
 * Hubris
 * Hoffart (obsolete)
 * Conceit
 * Snootiness

Haughtiness and psychology
https://eu.jacksonsun.com/story/opinion/columnists/2018/04/26/humility-and-haughtiness/554427002/

Quotes about Pride from Webster's New Encyclopedic Dictionary

 * Pride is the beginning of sin: Jesus, son of Sirach (c. 190 BC) The book of Jesus, son of Sirach
 * "Pride, Envy, Greed are sparks that set fire to the hearts of all people." - Dante (1256–1321) Hell.
 * "The willingness with which we admit guilt or acknowledge weakness can only be our pride, masquerading as humility." - Oskar Hammling (1890-?).
 * "In pride, in meaningful pride, lies our error; All leave their sphere, and hasten to heaven! Pride still longs for the dwellings of the monks, Men would be angels, angels would be gods." - Alexander Pope (1688–1744) Essay on Man.
 * "War is a child of pride, and Pride is a child of wealth." - Jonathan Swift (1667–1745) The Battle of the Books.
 * «Pride comes before destruction and lifts up the spirit before falling.» — Old Testament: Proverbs 16:18

Roman Catholic Church
The term is mostly used in this sense: the negative connotation has, if not disappeared, at least reached the limit of possible nuances of meaning. Accordingly, expressions such as arrogance or conceit, where the religious reference has largely disappeared, are more contemporary. For example, most moderns will be able to define arrogance more easily than, say, hubris or arrogance, and will conclude that arrogance is specifically "people who look down on others and think they are superior." One of the behaviors that show arrogance is bragging, boasting, doing greatness and doing important, such as in the form of educational hubris. The opposite of arrogance is humility. If overconfidence means overestimating your own abilities, arrogance and arrogance are aimed at social distancing. In demeanor and manners, they are restrained by propriety and politeness. Pride is fostered by vanity and narcissism. On the other hand, conceit is supposed to covertly compensate for perceived emptiness and is perceived as conceit. Conceit turns its user into a. The vernacular puts arrogance on a par with blasphemy, arrogance and pomposity. Self-confidence is arrogance based on the (alleged) moral and moral superiority of the haughty.

For the Roman Catholic Church, pride (according to the World Catechism, CCC 1866) or pride, pride or arrogance, Latin superbia, is the first of the seven major sins or, in the case of Thomas Aquinas, a root sin even higher than the main sins (Thomas lists the related vanity in the latter instead). According to Thomas, pride is "a disorderly striving for one's own standout". According to St. Gregory, pride comes in four forms, namely: (1) attributing the good one possesses to oneself, (2) attributing it to God but putting it on account of one's own merits, (3) acquiring advantages that one does not possess, (4) bringing out the advantages one possesses with complacency and contempt for others. On the other hand, self-respect, like respect for one's fellow man, is a positive duty, consisting "in the correct appreciation of what we find in ourselves and in others, and in the sincere recognition of the value or unworthiness of the same, combined with the desire and aspiration to preserve and protect what is valuable and worthy, but to remove the unworthy." "'However, prestige, prestige and power become a threat when the striving for recognition and power degenerates. One becomes a nerd out of a desire for recognition. He thinks only about his career and ruthlessly pushes aside everything that stands in his way. He is even willing to give up faith and religion if he can achieve his goal. Another places himself above everyone else in arrogant pride; he takes advantage of his position and becomes a tyrant. Finally, a third, in false trust in himself, loses confidence in everything, including God. He says you can't rely on anyone.'"– Catholic Catechism for Adults

Early Christianity
The Christian New Testament initially continued Jewish doctrine in a straightforward manner: "For he who imagines himself to be something, although he is nothing, deceives himself." (Gal 6:3 EU). Pride is man's refusal to acknowledge the dominion of others (even if it is the dominion of God) over himself. When the Christian doctrine of eight-vice emerged in the 4th and 5th centuries – presumably starting from Euagrios Pontikos – arrogance was part of it from the very beginning. While John Cassianus had classified it around 420 as the least of the eight main vices, Gregory I placed it at the top in the 6th century.

This reassessment was influenced by Augustine, who, among other things, had described arrogance as the most reprehensible vice in his main work De Trinitate. In contrast to the Old Testament concept of arrogance as a rebellion against God's claim to power, Augustine admittedly advocated a refined concept that incorporated the Christian doctrine of salvation: the haughty person does not rebel so much against God, but he believes that he can sin by his own efforts. Because he thus seeks to evade the redemption of the Saviour Jesus Christ, which forms the foundation of Christian doctrine, he finds himself in maximum contradiction with divine law.

Judaism
Already in the Old Testament there are numerous passages in which arrogance is denounced. The most famous sentence is found in the Proverbs of Solomon: "Whoever is to perish will first be proud; and pride comes before the fall." (Proverbs 16:18). Hebrew גָּאוֹן (ga'on) and Latin. superbia are translated as "arrogance", "arrogance", "self-aggrandizement", "pride" and "arrogance". The Old Testament makes it unmistakably clear that God alone is great: "The beginning of man's pride is apostasy from God: when his heart departs from his Creator. And pride is the beginning of all sin: whoever persists in it will be cursed and finally overthrown" (Sir 10:14-15). "Humble your pride deeply, for what awaits man is decay" (Sir 7:17 ).

Buddhism [edit source code]
See also: Slow (Buddhism).

Buddhism calls pride slow, or slow, one of the disturbing things.

Slow (Pali and Sanskrit: Māna, Tibetan: nga rgyal) is a Buddhist term that translates to pride, arrogance, vanity. The Sakyaya view generated by ignorance as the root cause leads to a wrong understanding of the self, and the resulting mentality and insight can be called slow, also known as self-slow. Whether it is thinking that you are superior to others, inferior to others, or that you are the same as others, this mentality can be called slow, and it can lead to disrespect for yourself or others, resulting in pain and trouble. It is considered to be one of the five poisons and six troubles, and the "Treatise on Clubs" includes it in the eight indefinite land laws.

https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/慢_(佛教)

Māna

Islam
https://www.al-islam.org/greater-sins-volume-3-sayyid-abdul-husayn-dastghaib-shirazi/thirty-third-greater-sin-pride-or