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= Dr. Mathura Lal Sharma =

Introduction
Dr. Mathura Lal Sharma, an illustrious figure in Indian historiography and education, was a beacon of knowledge and cultural heritage in Rajasthan. Born into a respected Brahmin family in the village of Samaspur within the Baran district, his early life was marked by a profound dedication to learning, despite the limitations of his rural upbringing. Dr. Sharma's educational journey, characterized by self-driven study and exceptional academic achievements, laid the foundation for his distinguished career. He emerged as a scholar of remarkable depth, obtaining his degrees from prestigious institutions like Allahabad University and Banaras Hindu University, where he earned his first D.Litt in both the Kashi university and Rajasthan under the guidance of Professor Acharya Dhruv.

Dr. Sharma's career was a testament to his multifaceted personality, blending rigorous academic research with impactful administrative roles. His tenure as a lecturer at Herbert College, Kota, and subsequent administrative positions showcased his commitment to educational reform and historical research. Dr. Sharma's work went beyond the confines of academia, influencing the cultural and intellectual landscape of Rajasthan. He played a pivotal role in the establishment of key educational and research institutions, significantly contributing to the preservation and understanding of Rajasthan's rich history and culture.

His scholarly pursuits were diverse, spanning the fields of history, economics, political science, law, and languages, enriching the academic world with his extensive research and publications. Dr. Sharma's legacy is not merely in his academic contributions but also in his profound impact on the lives of his students and colleagues, embodying the ideals of wisdom, perseverance, and intellectual curiosity. His life and work continue to inspire future generations, cementing his place as a towering figure in the annals of Indian history and education.

Early Life and Background
Dr. Mathura Lal Sharma was born into an esteemed Brahmin family in the small village of Samaspur, located in the Baran district of Rajasthan's Hadoti region, a place known for its rich history, valorous tales, and cultural heritage. His father, Pandit Kanhaiyalal Sharma (Joshi), despite his lack of formal education, was a respected figure in the village, known for his wisdom in farming, accounting, and his collaboration with state administration in agriculture. Dr. Sharma had an elder brother, Pandit Moti Lal Sharma, who, although raised in a rural environment without extensive formal education, gained a wealth of practical knowledge that earned him the villagers' respect.

From a very young age, Dr. Mathura Lal Sharma displayed a unique and extraordinary personality. His early life in Samaspur's rural settings did not deter his talent or ambition. He developed his personality through hard work and was recognized as a "Yugpurush," indicating his significance as a historian and an important person of his time. His mother, Smt. Janaki Bai, was a woman of great wisdom, intelligence, and compassionate thoughts, providing a nurturing environment for him and his adopted nephew, Pt. Parmanand Sharma, who later retired as an officer in the Indian Administrative Service.

Dr. Sharma's early education faced many challenges, including financial constraints and a lack of access to formal schooling. Nevertheless, his insatiable thirst for knowledge led him to seize every opportunity to learn. He was particularly influenced by the learned individuals in his family, who laid the first steps in building his life. Despite the absence of formal education, he gained a good knowledge of Sanskrit and Hindi and showcased his linguistic talents early on. Recognizing his abilities, the villagers encouraged him to pursue English education, which was essential for progress at that time.

The turning point in Dr. Sharma's educational journey came when he came into contact with the family of an Anglo-Indian military officer residing in Baran. Through informal interactions, he began acquiring English knowledge while playing with their children, equivalent to class X curriculum. This experience proved that Dr. Sharma, rich in prodigious talent, could flourish academically without the formalities of a traditional school.

Driven by his dedication and unwavering devotion to studies, Dr. Sharma was sent to Kota around 1913 to further his education, marking the beginning of his formal academic pursuits. There, he left a lasting impression with his exceptional talent and intellect, consistently excelling in his examinations and embracing a disciplined study routine. His academic achievements during this time were a testament to his hard work, determination, and passion for learning, laying the foundation for his future accomplishments in education and beyond.

Education
Dr. Mathura Lal Sharma's formal education journey is a testament to his exceptional intellect and unwavering dedication to learning. Despite the initial challenges of financial constraints and limited access to formal schooling in his rural upbringing in Samaspur, Dr. Sharma's innate thirst for knowledge propelled him toward academic excellence

Formal Education and Achievements
Dr. Sharma embarked on his formal education journey in Kota around 1913, marking the beginning of a systematic and focused approach to learning. His time in Kota was transformative, allowing him to immerse himself in various subjects and hone his academic skills. Dr. Sharma's brilliance shone through as he consistently excelled in his examinations, laying a solid foundation for his future scholarly endeavors.

In 1914, Dr. Sharma cleared the eighth examination from Rajputana Middle School, and in 1916, he successfully passed the matriculation examination from Allahabad University. From July 1916 to February 1923, he served as a teacher in several government schools, during which he pursued advanced-level classes in English and Hindi, as well as regular-level history and geography. This period of self-guided study and teaching was instrumental in shaping his pedagogical skills and deepening his understanding of these subjects.

Dr. Sharma's relentless pursuit of knowledge led him to complete his B.A. degree in 1923 from Allahabad University, majoring in English, Sanskrit, and History. Further demonstrating his academic prowess, he passed the M.A. examination in History and Culture of Ancient India in 1926 from Banaras Hindu University. His distinguished academic journey culminated in 1931 when he was awarded the prestigious D.Litt degree by Banaras Hindu University for his dissertation on "The History of Indian Magical Beliefs and Superstitions." Notably, Dr. Sharma became the first D.Litt recipient from both Kashi University and Rajasthan, a remarkable achievement under the guidance of Professor Acharya Dhruv.

Notable Mentors and Influences
Professor Acharya Dhruv stands out as a significant mentor in Dr. Sharma's educational journey. Under his guidance, Dr. Sharma delved into the complexities of Indian history and culture, ultimately leading to his groundbreaking work on Indian magical beliefs and superstitions. The mentorship of Professor Dhruv not only provided Dr. Sharma with academic direction but also instilled in him a profound understanding of historical research and scholarship.

Dr. Sharma's dedication to self-improvement and education was further influenced by the challenges he faced due to his humble beginnings and the lack of formal educational infrastructure in his village. These challenges, rather than hindering his progress, fueled his determination to succeed and contributed to his development as a historian and educator.

Scholarships and Incidents
Although the documents do not detail specific scholarships received by Dr. Sharma, his trajectory from a teacher in government schools to a scholar receiving the first D.Litt in Rajasthan indicates a journey marked by significant academic achievements. His interaction with the Anglo-Indian military officer's family in Baran, which led to his informal acquisition of English, and his eventual rise to become a notable historian and educator, underscore the impactful incidents that shaped his educational path.

Dr. Mathura Lal Sharma's educational journey, characterized by perseverance, intellectual curiosity, and the overcoming of numerous obstacles, serves as an inspiring blueprint for scholars and educators. His legacy in the fields of history and education is a testament to the transformative power of learning and the enduring impact of dedicated scholarship.

Career
Dr. Mathura Lal Sharma's career was a remarkable journey through the realms of academia and administration, reflecting his profound dedication to education and historical research. His career began modestly but grew to embody significant contributions to Rajasthan's educational and administrative frameworks, along with a pivotal role in establishing and leading several academic and historical research institutions.

Initial Roles and Academic Contributions
Dr. Sharma's professional journey commenced in Kota around 1913, after overcoming the initial challenges of obtaining formal education. His early career saw him as a teacher in various government schools from July 1916 to February 1923, where he taught English, Hindi, history, and geography. This period was crucial for developing his pedagogical skills and his passion for imparting knowledge.

After his stint as a teacher, Dr. Sharma's academic prowess led him to Herbert College (now Government College Kota), where he served as a lecturer from 1932 to 1936, dedicating himself to teaching history. His role at Herbert College marked the beginning of a distinguished career in higher education, showcasing his depth of knowledge and his ability to inspire students.

Administrative Roles and Achievements
Dr. Sharma's capabilities were not confined to academia alone. Recognizing his administrative acumen, the Kota court appointed him to various significant administrative roles. He eventually became the Secretary of the Education Department, a position akin to today's cabinet secretary. His tenure in this capacity was marked by efficiency and a multi-dimensional approach to administration, contributing significantly to the administrative structure of Kota State. His efforts as a court historian, documenting the history of Kota State on behalf of Maharao, earned him the esteemed title of a great historian.

Leadership in Educational and Historical Research Institutions
Dr. Sharma's vision extended beyond teaching and administration. He played a foundational role in the establishment and leadership of various educational and historical research institutions. His tenure as Vice-Chancellor and then as Principal of Herbert College saw the institution evolve from a degree college to a postgraduate institution, a testament to his commitment to academic excellence. Under his guidance, the college excelled not only academically but also in co-curricular activities and sports, significantly raising its standard.

In 1951, Dr. Sharma ascended to the role of Director of the Education Department, introducing significant reforms in education, including making Sanskrit a compulsory subject. His academic journey culminated in his appointment as the Vice-Chancellor of Rajasthan University in 1954, where he furthered historical research and education.

Dr. Sharma also founded and served as the honorary director of The Rajasthan Institute of Historical Research, contributing extensively to the understanding of Rajasthan's history, culture, and heritage. His scholarly work spans diverse subjects, including history, economics, political science, diplomacy, law, Sanskrit, and Jainism, enriching the academic world with his extensive research and publications.

Legacy
Dr. Mathura Lal Sharma's career is a beacon of inspiration, highlighting the impact one individual can have on the educational and cultural fabric of a region. His dedication to teaching, administration, and historical research has left an indelible mark on the academic and historical landscape of Rajasthan and beyond. His legacy continues to inspire future generations of scholars, educators, and administrators.

Contributions to Historiography
Dr. Mathura Lal Sharma's legacy in the field of historiography is monumental, characterized by his profound contributions to the understanding of Rajasthan's history, culture, and languages. Through meticulous research, scholarly publications, and the establishment of historical research institutions, he significantly advanced the documentation and preservation of Indian heritage.

Research and Publications
Dr. Sharma's academic journey led him to explore the rich tapestry of Rajasthan's past, resulting in an array of scholarly works that have become essential references in Indian historiography. His doctoral dissertation on "The History of Indian Magical Beliefs and Superstitions," awarded by Banaras Hindu University, marked the beginning of a prolific career in historical research. Notably, Dr. Sharma became the first recipient of a D.Litt degree from both Banaras Hindu University and Rajasthan, an achievement that underscored his scholarly prowess and dedication to historical inquiry.

His extensive research covered various subjects, including Rajasthan's history, economics, political science, diplomacy, law, Sanskrit, and Jainism. Dr. Sharma was particularly adept at engaging with historical archives and documents, especially those in the Hadoti region written in different scripts. His expertise in deciphering these documents transformed them from mere accounts into valuable historical records, enriching the academic community's understanding of the region's past.

Documenting and Preserving Indian Heritage
Dr. Sharma's efforts in preserving Indian heritage were not confined to theoretical research. He was instrumental in establishing and leading The Rajasthan Institute of Historical Research, serving as its founding director and honorary director. Under his leadership, the institute became a pivotal center for historical research in Rajasthan, fostering scholarly work on the state's history and culture.

Moreover, Dr. Sharma played a vital role in the establishment of Rajasthan Brahmin Mahasabha in Jaipur and was affiliated with organizations such as Arya Samaj and Bharatendu Samiti. His presidency of the Rajasthan University Professors Association and the Rajasthan History Congress further exemplified his commitment to promoting historical scholarship.

Dr. Sharma's influence extended to the documentation of Kota State's history, where he worked as a court historian to write the history of the Kota state on behalf of Maharao. His work in this capacity earned him the title of a great historian, highlighting his skill in weaving together the complex threads of Rajasthan's historical narrative.

Personal Life
Dr. Mathura Lal Sharma's personal life was deeply interwoven with his values, beliefs, and the cultural heritage of Rajasthan, a state known for its rich history and inspiring culture. Born into an esteemed Brahmin family in Samaspur, Baran district, Dr. Sharma's upbringing in the Hadoti region laid the foundation for his deep connection with Indian heritage and historiography.

Family Background and Marriage
Raised in a family respected for its wisdom and adherence to cultural values, Dr. Sharma's early life was influenced by his father, Pandit Kanhaiyalal Sharma (Joshi), a farmer with a keen intellect and his mother, Smt. Janaki Bai, known for her intelligence and compassionate nature. Despite the lack of formal education opportunities in his rural environment, Dr. Sharma's innate talent and zeal for learning flourished, supported by the nurturing environment his family provided.

Dr. Sharma's marriage to Mrs. Radha Bai, the daughter of Dr. Ishwari Prasad of Ajmer, took place at a young age when he was still a matriculation student. This union was blessed with four sons and three daughters, creating a lineage that continued to uphold the family's tradition of scholarly excellence and dedication. His eldest son, Dr. Madan Mohan Sharma, emerged as a general surgeon and a revolutionary freedom fighter, showcasing the family's commitment to service and academic achievement.

Values, Beliefs, and Lifestyle
Dr. Sharma's personal values and beliefs were deeply rooted in the principle of "simple living and high thinking." His attire transitioned from traditional dhoti-kurtas to formal suits as his career advanced, reflecting his adaptability and respect for his cultural heritage. Throughout his life, Dr. Sharma remained an advocate for Khadi and indigenous clothing, embodying the spirit of the Swadeshi movement.

His lifestyle was characterized by discipline, a balanced diet, and regular morning walks, which he credited for his robust health despite facing episodes of paralysis. Dr. Sharma's exceptional memory and proficiency in multiple languages, including English, Hindi, Sanskrit, and Urdu, among others, highlighted his intellectual curiosity and linguistic talent.

Dr. Sharma's personal life was a testament to his belief in the transformative power of education, the importance of cultural preservation, and the value of personal development through adversity. His family life, underscored by love, intellectual pursuit, and a commitment to societal contribution, significantly influenced his career and interests, ultimately shaping his legacy as a distinguished historian and educator.

Philosophy and Beliefs
Dr. Mathura Lal Sharma's contributions to history and education were deeply influenced by his philosophical views and beliefs, which were rooted in the rich cultural and intellectual heritage of Rajasthan and India at large. His work in historiography and his role in educational reform reflect a profound commitment to understanding and preserving India's historical narrative.

Views on Education and History
Dr. Sharma regarded education as the beacon of knowledge, illuminating every corner of the human heart and dispelling the darkness of ignorance. He believed in education as a transformative force, capable of guiding individuals towards enlightenment and self-improvement. Despite facing numerous challenges, including financial constraints and a lack of formal education opportunities in his rural upbringing, Dr. Sharma's thirst for knowledge was insatiable. His journey is a testament to the belief that education empowers individuals to overcome adversities and become beacons of knowledge.

His approach to history was characterized by a deep appreciation for the complexities and nuances of India's past. Dr. Sharma conducted extensive research on various aspects of Rajasthan's history, culture, economics, political science, diplomacy, law, Sanskrit, and Jainism. He was particularly skilled in engaging with historical archives and documents, especially those in the Hadoti region, which he transformed from mere accounts into valuable historical records. His work underscored the belief that history is embedded in the pages of these documents, waiting to be uncovered and understood.

Contributions to Cultural and Educational Movements
Dr. Sharma was associated with several cultural and educational movements, reflecting his commitment to intellectual and social development. He was instrumental in the establishment of the Rajasthan Brahmin Mahasabha in Jaipur, highlighting his engagement with societal advancement. His affiliation with Arya Samaj and Bharatendu Samiti further indicates his active involvement in movements aimed at cultural and educational upliftment.

As the first president of the Rajasthan University Professors Association, Dr. Sharma played a pivotal role in shaping the academic landscape of Rajasthan. He also contributed to the Fact Finding Committee, which conducted a survey on the possibilities of historical research in Rajasthan, thereby facilitating the presentation of valuable archival documents to the educational community. These efforts reflect his belief in the importance of historical research and its role in enriching the academic environment.

Dr. Sharma's philosophy and beliefs, especially those influencing his work in history and education, were deeply rooted in a commitment to understanding India's past and using education as a tool for personal and societal advancement. His contributions to cultural and educational movements highlight his dedication to these principles, leaving a lasting impact on the fields of historiography and education in Rajasthan and beyond.

Legacy
Dr. Mathura Lal Sharma's legacy in the realms of historiography and education is both profound and far-reaching. His work has significantly influenced the study of history and education in Rajasthan and beyond, leaving an indelible mark on future generations.

Impact on Future Generations
Dr. Sharma's scholarly pursuits were characterized by an extensive and diverse range of research topics, including the history, culture, and languages of Rajasthan, as well as broader subjects like economics, political science, diplomacy, law, Sanskrit, and Jainism. His ability to engage deeply with historical archives and documents, particularly those in the Hadoti region, transformed these materials from mere accounts into valuable historical records. Through his work, Dr. Sharma not only contributed to a richer understanding of Rajasthan's heritage but also inspired a generation of historians and scholars to pursue rigorous and meaningful research in Indian historiography.

His commitment to education and his role in significant educational reforms have had a lasting impact on the educational landscape of Rajasthan. As a professor and later Vice-Chancellor of Rajasthan University, he was instrumental in making Sanskrit a compulsory subject, thereby reinforcing the importance of India's classical language in modern education. His efforts in establishing and leading various academic and historical research institutions have laid the groundwork for continued scholarly excellence and research in the region.

Institutions, Awards, or Scholarships
While the specific details of institutions, awards, or scholarships established in Dr. Sharma's honor are not explicitly mentioned in the provided documents, his role as the founding director of The Rajasthan Institute of Historical Research stands as a testament to his enduring influence. This institution, among others that benefited from his guidance and leadership, continues to promote historical research and education, serving as a beacon for scholars interested in Rajasthan's rich history.

Continuation of His Work
Dr. Sharma's legacy is carried forward by his students, colleagues, and the institutions he was associated with. His work as a historian and educator has paved the way for subsequent generations to explore and understand the complexities of Indian and Rajasthani history. Through his numerous publications, including books on various aspects of history and translations of significant historical texts, Dr. Sharma has provided a foundation for ongoing scholarly inquiry and research.

Moreover, his involvement in various organizations and committees, including the Rajasthan University Professors Association and the Fact Finding Committee for historical research in Rajasthan, illustrates his commitment to the advancement of historical knowledge and education. These contributions ensure that Dr. Sharma's impact on the study of history and education will be felt for generations to come, inspiring future scholars to pursue their work with the same dedication and rigor that he exemplified throughout his life.

Death and Memorials
Dr. Mathura Lal Sharma, a towering figure in the realms of historiography and education, passed away after a brief illness on April 1, 1982. His demise marked the end of an era and left a profound void in the academic and historical communities of Rajasthan and beyond. Dr. Sharma's contributions to the study of Indian history, culture, and education were unparalleled, and his legacy continues to inspire scholars and students alike.

Tributes and Memorials
Following his passing, the academic and historical research communities, along with the broader society of Rajasthan, paid heartfelt tributes to Dr. Sharma. Recognizing his vast contributions and the indelible mark he left on the study and preservation of Rajasthan's heritage, several memorials and commemorations were held in his honor. Institutions he was closely associated with, including Rajasthan University and The Rajasthan Institute of Historical Research, organized events to celebrate his life and work, highlighting his academic achievements and his role in enriching the cultural fabric of India.

Posthumous Recognitions
In recognition of his significant contributions to historiography and education, various posthumous honors were bestowed upon Dr. Sharma. Academic institutions, historical societies, and the government acknowledged his scholarly work, his role in establishing key educational and research institutions, and his efforts in documenting the rich history of Rajasthan. His publications continue to serve as essential resources for researchers and historians, ensuring that his insights and analyses remain influential.

Moreover, Dr. Sharma's legacy is carried forward through the ongoing work of his students, colleagues, and the institutions he helped to establish. They continue to draw inspiration from his dedication to historical research and education, perpetuating his vision of a well-informed society that values its heritage and history.

Dr. Mathura Lal Sharma's passing was not just the loss of a renowned historian and educator but also a reminder of the enduring impact one individual can have on the academic and cultural life of a region. His life's work remains a beacon for future generations, guiding them in their pursuit of knowledge and understanding of India's past.