User:Ktanwar/sandbox

The Li-Metal Polysulfide Batteries are sub-class of batteries that use amorphous metal sulfides (MSx; M=Mo,Sb,Fe,V,Ti etc.) as a cathode instead of elemental sulfur, used in Li-S batteries. As an anode, Li-Metal Polysulfide Batteries use pure lithium. Usually, the Li-S batteries are associated with the "shuttle-effect", which hampers their performance with charging/discharging cycling. However, in Li-metal polysulfide batteries, the sulfur is not in free from, therefore they circumvent the "shuttle-effect". Moreover, in the batteries there are two types of liquid electrolytes used commonly; ether based electrolytes and carbonate based electrolytes. The carbonate based electrolytes are more stable and provide stability at higher intercalation voltage. But, sulfur reacts to the carbonate based electrolytes expeditiously, leading to device failure. Therefore, the carbonate based electrolytes cannot be used with Li-S batteries. The ether-based electrolytes are stable, but they also gice rise to shuttle-effect. However, the metal polysulfides, MSx are highly stable with carbonates based electrolytes, therefore they can used effectively.
 * Main

There are several metal sulfides explored for their use in Li-Metal polysulfide batteries. MoS3, MoSx, TiS4, VS4 are the most promising among all the explored cathodes.
 * Types of Cathodes

Usually, graphite is used as an anode in Li batteries. But, due to limited capacity of graphite, it impractical to use graphite with either Li-S or Li-Metal polysulfide batteries. Therefore, Li-metal is used as an anode. However, pure lithium metal as an anode give rise to dendritic growth with charge/discharge cycling. Therefore, it is demanding to develop a new anode material for Li-Metal polysulfide batteries. 2-D materials such bilayer graphene show much better capacity as compared to the graphite, therefore they can be used as an anode.
 * Types of Anodes