User:Ktardy/sandbox

African Court of Justice and Human Rights
After looking through different stubs and C-class articles, I narrowed down my possible topics, and finally, chose to do my Wikipedia project on the African Court of Justice and Human Rights. The African Court of Human Rights is an court located in Arusha, Tanzania that holds cases for human rights treaties and general legal matters. The article has the potential to very informative, it only covers the very basic definition and start up of the court. Therefore, there is still an abundance of information that needs to be published. The article needs to have a detailed section for it's purpose, history, the mission, and possibly notable members. I plan to research and add the history to the Wikipedia page. This topic is pretty interesting to me because I feel incompetent as an African American because we see Africans in certain countries getting mistreated in the news and on various media outlets all of the time. So, maybe if I could understand the what the court actually handles and why it formed in the first place, I could get more of an understanding of their culture and the severity of the human rights issues in Africa.

Because there is no information on the Wikipedia page, I don't know of any notable cases with the court since its establishment in 2004. This court does have the potential to make a true change in Africa. There are a lot of human rights' violations, especially in Africa, so this court is extremely crucial for Africans. Because the African Court of Justice and Human Rights is fairly new,as well as human rights' violations are ongoing, it is still relevant in today's society. Also, because the African Court of Justice and Human Rights is an amalgamation of the African Court of Human and People's Rights and the Court of Justice of the African Unit, it should not be hard to find information on the topic at hand. Also, because the merging happened only a little more than a decade ago, it should be easy to find relevant, credible sources. I am truly excited for this project.

Resources:
Africancourtcoalition.org. (2018). The African Court of Justice and Human Rights. [online] Available at: http://www.africancourtcoalition.org/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=6:afr-court-integrate&catid=7:african-union&Itemid=12 [Accessed 28 Sep. 2018].

Naʻīm, ʻAbd Allāh Aḥmad, and Francis Mading Deng. 1990. Human rights in Africa: cross-cultural perspectives. Washington, D.C.: The Brookings Institution.

Welch, Claude Emerson, and Ronald I. Meltzer. 1984. Human rights and development in Africa. Albany: State University of New York Press. http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&scope=site&db=nlebk&db=nlabk&AN=7861.

Welch, Claude Emerson. 1995. Protecting human rights in Africa: roles and strategies of non-governmental organizations. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press. http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&scope=site&db=nlebk&db=nlabk&AN=17491.

https://web.archive.org/web/20150605075603/http://www.au.int/en/sites/default/files/PROTOCOL_STATUTE_AFRICAN_COURT_JUSTICE_AND_HUMAN_RIGHTS.pdf

http://www.african-court.org/en/index.php/2-uncategorised?start=12

http://www.ijr.org.za/home/wp-content/uploads/2016/11/IJR-Brief-No-20-web-ready.pdf

Outline of Article
Murithi, Tim and Naidoo,Parusha. ''The African Court of Justice and Human Rights and the International Criminal Court: Unpacking the political dimensions of concurrent jurisdiction. 2016.''

Background Info:


 * The African Unity adopted the protocol, to the statute of the African Court of Justice and Human Rights
 * The African Court on Human and Peoples’ Rights was combined with the African Court of Justice to create the African Court of Justice and Human Rights.
 * Malabo Protocol- a protocol adopted by the African Union in June of 2014.
 * Since
 * war crimes, crimes against humanity, genocide, and crime of aggression weren't included in the laws of African Court of Human's and People's Rights, it was in order to be mandated.
 * Protocol to the African Charter on Human and Peoples’ Rights was adopted by governments across the continent.
 * The ICC and the AU has had tension because of presumed selective justice and criminal activity involving the Court of Justice.

= African Court of Justice and Human Rights = From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (diff) ← Previous revision | Latest revision (diff) | Newer revision → (diff) Jump to navigationJump to search The African Court of Justice and Human Rights is an international and regional court in Africa. It was founded in 2004 by a merger of the African Court on Human and Peoples' Rights and the Court of Justice of the African Union. It is the primary judicial agency of the African Union.

The court is based in the city of Arusha, Tanzania, as is the International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda and as was its predecessor the Court of Justice of the African Union.

The court has two chambers, one for general legal matters and one for rulings on the human rights treaties. Within this the court has both an advisory opinion role and adjudicative role. The court is competent to interpret its own judgments in an appellate chamber.

Outline of Contribution to The African Court of Justice and Human Rights Article
Sources

History

 * 1) Merging was proposed by by the Chairperson of the Assembly of the AU and the head of the Federal Republic of Nigeria because of insufficient funds for other courts that were being established.
 * 2) In January 2005, a panel met in Ethiopia to consider the merging of the African Court on Human and Peoples’ Rights and the Court of Justice of the AU.
 * 3) They then met in Nigeria to propose a draft protocol to the Executive Council of the African Union
 * 4) They essentially approved the movement of the integration and proceeded to pass the draft document to legal experts for their recommendations.
 * 5) The draft protocol for the African Court of Justice and Human Rights was not adopted until June of 2014.

Details about the organization and functions of the court

 * 1) The judges have full immunity from international laws, throughout and after office.
 * 2) If there is a case pending from the previous African Court of Human and People's Rights, they will proceed to the Human Rights section of the court and the Justice cases will go to the Justice section.
 * 3) The court ultimately deal with cases of war crimes, trafficking people and/or drugs, genocide, crimes against humanity, terrorism, and piracy.
 * 4) The previous judges from the two courts are in office until new officers are elected and sworn in.
 * 5) The protocol is always open for revision.

The Merging into the African Court of Justice and Human Rights
The African Court of Justice and Human Rights is an international court based in Arusha,Tanzania. A merging of the African Court on Human and People's Rights and the Court of Justice of the African Union was proposed by the chairperson of the Assembly of the African Union and the head of the Federal Republic of Nigeria in 2004. While the African Union was not yet adopted, the African Court of Human and People's Right was already established, yet because of insufficient funds from other unions being established, the two had to be combined. In January 2005, a panel of experts met in Ethiopia to consider the merging of the two courts. Afterwards, a panel met in Nigeria to propose a draft protocol to the Executive Council of the African Union. They essentially approved the movement of the integration and proceeded to pass the draft document to legal experts for their recommendations. The draft protocol for the African Court of Justice and Human Rights was not adopted until June of 2014.The protocol is always open for revision.

The Function of the New Court
Because the combination of the the African Court on Human and People's Rights and the Court of Justice of the African Union was adopted in the middle of the election times, previous judges from the two courts are sworn into office until new officers are elected and sworn in.The judges of the African Court of Justice and Human Rights have full immunity from international laws, throughout and after office. Also, if there is a case pending from the previous African Court of Human and People's Rights, they will proceed to the Human Rights section of the court and the Justice cases will go to the Justice section.

Peer review- Hi the information you have is organized and is very credible to the topic area. The information gives general understanding of the African court of justice and human rights.There are a couple run on sentences that you should pay attention too, and in the second topic area (The function of the new court.) You can explain the court in great detail and provide examples of cases that went through the new court,and did they succeed or fail. Human rights history, Cbessix, aka caziah bessix

Second Rough Draft
Peer review- Hi the information you have is organized and is very credible to the topic area. The information gives general understanding of the African court of justice and human rights.There are a couple run on sentences that you should pay attention too, and in the second topic area (The function of the new court.) You can explain the court in great detail and provide examples of cases that went through the new court,and did they succeed or fail. Human rights history, Cbessix, aka caziah bessix


 * 1) Run on Sentences (help)
 * 2) Can't provide examples because they haven't done anything just yet.
 * 3) fixing sources

The Merging into the African Court of Justice and Human Rights
The African Court of Justice and Human Rights is an international court based in Arusha,Tanzania. A merging of the African Court on Human and People's Rights and the Court of Justice of the African Union was proposed by the chairperson of the Assembly of the African Union and the head of the Federal Republic of Nigeria,President Olusegun Obasanjo, in 2004. While the (Court of Justice of the) African Union was not yet adopted, the African Court of Human and People's Right was already established, yet because of insufficient funds from other unions being established, the two had to be combined (run-on). In January 2005, a panel of experts met in Ethiopia to consider the merging of the two courts. Afterwards, a panel met in Nigeria to propose a draft protocol to the Executive Council of the African Union. They essentially approved the movement of the integration and proceeded to pass the draft document to legal experts for their recommendations. The draft protocol for the African Court of Justice and Human Rights was not adopted until June of 2014.The protocol is always open for revision. Great summary, but a tiny bit confusing - try to streamline this history and it'll be great!

The Function of the New Court
Because the merging? of the African Court on Human and People's Rights and the Court of Justice of the African Union was adopted (occurred) in the middle of the election times (which is when? for Tanzania?), previous judges of the two courts were sworn into office until new officers could be elected and sworn in.The judges of the African Court of Justice and Human Rights have full immunity from international laws, throughout and after office. Also, if there is a case pending from the previous African Court of Human and People's Rights, they will proceed to the Human Rights section of the court and the Justice cases will go to the Justice section. (This last section is a little confusing - clarify)

Please take a close look at your sources (shouldn't be citing Wikipedia on Wikipedia; also a number if not all of these sources are missing information in the citations. Otherwise good revisions.

= FINAL DRAFT = (edit citations on actual page)

History
The African Court of Justice and Human Rights is an international court based in Arusha,Tanzania. A merging of the African Court on Human and People's Rights and the Court of Justice of the African Union was proposed by the chairperson of the Assembly of the African Union and the head of the Federal Republic of Nigeria, President Olusegun Obasanjo, in 2004.This idea of uniting the two courts was raised because of the African Union's insufficient funds. In January 2005, a panel of legal experts assembled in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia to formulate a draft protocol that honored the integrity of the two independent courts, yet established a way to regulate the decorum of the now merged court. Afterwards, a panel met in Nigeria to propose a draft protocol to the Executive Council of the African Union. In March of 2005, the draft was approved and was passed to legal experts for their recommendations. The recommendations were presented at the African Union Summit in Sirte, Libya. It was decided that operations should begin, and the headquaters would be in the East region of Africa by the Assembly of Heads of State and Government.

Functions of the New Court
The African Court of Justice and Human Rights ultimately reviews cases of war crimes, trafficking people and/or drugs, genocide, crimes against humanity, terrorism, and piracy.The Court is essentially divided into two different sections: the Human Rights section and the General affairs section. The judges are split up evenly between the two. If there is a case pending from the previous African Court of Human and People's Rights, they will proceed to the Human Rights section of the court and the justice cases from Court of Justice of the African Union will go to the General Affairs section. Because the uniting of the African Court on Human and People's Rights and the Court of Justice of the African Union occurred in the middle of the quinquennial election times, previous judges of the two courts were sworn into office until new officers could be elected and sworn in. The court consists of sixteen judges, all of which are from different Member States. Even though the judges of the African Court of Justice and Human Rights are expected to uphold high morality, they are granted full immunity from international laws, throughout and after office.