User:Ktaylor29/sandbox


 * Only the revisions I made are shown in my sandbox, so some points may appear out of context

Romantic Relationships and Fatherhood

 * However, it is suggested that after the “honeymoon phase” ends, approximately 1-2 years into the relationship, this change in testosterone levels is no longer apparent.


 * However, this relationship is cause and effect. There is indeed a possibility that men with lower testosterone levels are less likely to marry or enter into committed relationships; however, the reverse is also possible. Marriage or commitment could actually cause a decrease in T levels.


 * Additionally, Gray, Chapman et al. (2004) have found that single men who do not have relationship experience have lower testosterone levels than the single men with experience. It is suggested that these single men with prior experience are in a more competitive state than their non-experienced counterparts.


 * Furthermore, it has been found that married men who engage in bond-maintenance activities such as spending the day with their wife/and or child have no different testosterone levels compared to times when they do not engage in such activities. Collectively, these results suggest that it is the presence of competitive activities rather than bond-maintenance activities that are more relevant to changes in T levels.

Testosterone and Sexual Arousal

 * See also: Hormones and Sexual Motivation


 * These results have also been found in other cultures. Gray (2003) examined a population of Swahili men from Kenya and discovered similar results: the polygynously married men of the Swahili group had higher T levels than the married and single men.


 * An increase in T levels has also been found to occur in both men and women who have orgasms that are masturbation-induced.

Male Sexuality

 * Men who have sexual encounters with unfamiliar or multiple partners experience large increases of testosterone the morning after.


 * Men who watch sexually explicit films also report increased optimism and decreased exhaustion. Based on previous research that has found a link between relaxation following sexual arousal and testosterone levels, it is suggested that sexually explicit material increases men’s testosterone levels, which in turn positively affects optimism and relaxation, while decreasing exhaustion.


 * Roney, Mahler, and Maestripieri (2003) have found increases in testosterone for men who engage in brief conversations with women. This result was seen in heterosexual men who had engaged in sexual activity in the 6 months prior to the study. The increase in T levels was associated with the amount of “courtship” behaviours that the men exhibited.

Female Sexuality

 * López, Hay, and Conklin (2009) found that women who are non-pill users experience a significant increase in testosterone levels in response to viewing a video of an attractive man courting a young woman. This was in comparison with the control conditions.


 * Van Anders and Dunn (2009) also studied the link between testosterone and orgasms in women, and found a correlation between high T levels and positive orgasm experience. This occurred in both the partnered and solitary context of orgasm.