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LEAF PELLETS PRODUCTION OF BIOMASS PELLETS FROM FORESTRY WASTES AS A SUSTAINABLE MODEL FOR MASS INCOME GENERATION AND THUS SAVING FORESTS INTRODUCTION: Pellets have been produced for over a century, by using heat and pressure small cylindrical pellets can be produced from a variety of materials for different purposes. In the 1970’s some companies who used pellet mills to produce animal feed, started to look into producing LEAVES pellets as a fuel source. However because of the cheap fossil fuels that were available, the LEAVES pellet market struggled to grow. In the 21st century LEAVES pellets and fuel pellets in general are seeing rapid growth, even resulting in supply problems.

Due to high oil and gas prices, and concerns over climate change, fuel pellets are a clean, cheap heating fuel than can help to reduce GLOBAL WARMING. Moreover use of forestry wastes and domestic wastes for production of cheap and green fuel will be helpful for counter acting problem of un-employment in deep forests area in SARANDA. DISADVANTAGES OF FOSSIL FUELS: Over the last decade there have been two major factors, which have been driving the growth of the pellet fuel market. The first is consistent rise in the cost of fossil fuels and price instability, and the second is the increased attention of the effects of using fossil fuels such as oil and gas on the environment. Other factors, which support the case for pellets is they are a fuel that can be produced locally, from local LEAVES and biomass materials. Pellet production and distribution can produce an affordable fuel, creating local jobs while keeping the fuels carbon footprint to a minimum. The advantages of pellets over burning logs or briquettes are as follows

Price : lot cheaper than fossil fuels and LPG Wide material as waste of forests such as dry leaves Environment Friendly and counter action for global warming Convenience and income generation for local inhabitants Major step for saving forests and natural resources as well

Price : lot cheaper than fossil fuels and LPG LEAVES and biomass pellet fuel, as an alternative for fossil fuels, has fierce competitive and stable price than kerosene and natural gas in many countries. And supplied by green tax policy, LEAVES pellet fuel is encouraged to use as a countermeasure against global warming, energy security and rise of oil price, and it has proved to have a good effect. Million and million tons of dry leaves are burnt down in Saranda forest every year hence destroying flora and fauna. The project can thus reduce cutting of forest for lively hood and save FOREST FIRE as well ,reducing extinction of many species of rodents, animals and insects As to LEAVES and biomass pellet fuel, the raw material source is various, such as LEAVES waste (residual sawdust, yard debris (grass, leaves, tree sticks, forsythia, wisteria, bushes, etc.), farm waste (corn cobs, corn stalks, straw from plants, etc.) and other residues biomass waste. We can recycle energy from the above materials .Wide Material As a traditional heating fuel, fossil fuels are more expensive and easy to cause environmental pollution, trees (fire logs) grow slowly and the moisture is hard to control, both above mentioned are not good for stoves & boilers, besides the source is so limited. Carbon-neutral is the green image and advantage of leaf and biomass pellet fuel. Burn pellet fuel only liberates CO2 which is stored during the lifetime of plant, is harmless to the environment. But burning fossil fuels will liberate extra CO2 into atmosphere which stored million years ago, accelerates the global warming Pellets are produced with uniform moisture content, shape, size, and density, which match the needs from the automated combustion systems of the stove and boilers, and also take less space in storage than other biomass fuels because they have a higher energy concentration Million and million tons of dry leaves are burnt down in Saranda forest every year. These dried leaves would be source of income for people who would collect them for pellet production. Saranda forest have more than 700 hills and many varieties of trees ,animal and insects. Forest fire destroys many dried leaves and millions and millions calories are wasted and cause risk to flora and fauna by burning them down.. This project will be beneficial for poor people who rely on woods of forest for lively hood can pick leaves and earn a good living hence improving their standard of living Based on the information above, the primary features of pellets present as follows:  Density of at least 40lbs/cubic foot Flows like a liquid, ideal for automatic systems Can be used as reliable fuels for domestic use in SMART CITIES. Can be used in Stoves and Boilers Can be used to generate electric power as in Europe and other advanced continents There are two types of pellet mills, one is a Flat Die Pellet Mill and the other is a Round Die Pellet Mill. The flat die pellet mill came first and the round die was invented later. Generally flat die pellet mills are used for small to medium scale pellet production and round die pellet mills are used for medium to large scale pellet production 1Size Reduction: Chippers/Shredders, Hammer Mills 2Material Transportation: Fans, Cyclone Separators and Screw Augers 3 Drying: Rotary/Drum Dryers, Pipe Dryers 4 Mixing: Batch Mixers5 Conditioning: Water and Steam Addition, Binders 6 Pellet Production: Round and Flat Die Pellet Mills 7 Sieving: Removing Fines 8 Cooling: Counter Flow Coolers 9 Pellet Transportation: Bucket Elevators 10 Bagging and Storage: Bags, Sacks and Silos

PRODUCTION OF LEAF PELLETS WILL BE A SUSTAINABLE INCOME GENERATION SCHEME IN FOREST Areas.