User:Kuramae/sandbox

Issue of Power in Classical Music
1. Frontiers in Psychology article: Desmond C.S., Evangelos H. Orchestrated Sex: The Representation of Male and Female Musicians in World-Class Symphony Orchestras. Front. Psychol. [online]. 2019;10:1760. [cited 5 November 2020]. Available from: https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpsyg.2019.01760/full

2. Paper: Clementina C. Gender and the Classical Music World: The Unaccomplished Professionalization of Women in Italy. Per Musi. [online]. 2019;39(July):1-24. [cited 5 November 2020]. Available from: https://doi.org/10.35699/2317-6377.2019.5270.

3. the gardian Mark B. Female composers largely ignored by concert line-ups. The Guardian 2018 Jun 13;Sect. Music. [online]. [cited 5 November 2020]. Available from: https://www.theguardian.com/music/2018/jun/13/female-composers-largely-ignored-by-concert-line-ups

4. NY times https://www.nytimes.com/2019/12/23/arts/music/women-vienna-philharmonic.html

Gender and race have played a huge role shaping today's landscape in c. m.

18th & 19th century: some instruments: inapproriate for women to play based on play position, doesn't comply with body images of feminine respectability, provocative 1 or too technical 2 -> Woman: limited training except piano and voice women excluded from music making

Only high-ranking family, network supporting music production, private settings only 2

until 20th century: only male in orchestras major orchestras: no female, only female only orchestras not until 2nd world war -> women more opportunities, but low acceptances and facilities Vienna Philharmonic: no audition for females until 1997 4

these days: family responsibilities, conservatoire students: women tend to receive tuition on high pitch intruments (violin, harp) while male intruments with deeper tones (trumpet, tuba) Concerts: less than 6% of concerts included a piece composed by woman, even in 2019 only 36.6% are women in continental orchestras almost no female conductor in european orchestras 3

counter measurements: blind auditions 1970 1 mentoring initiatives 2 gener balance initiatives, female committment 3