User:Kvhurley28/Schizoaffective disorder

 NOTE : Changes made in original article are in BOLD. Addition of citations look like this: (CITATION ADDED)

Introduction of Schizoaffective Disorder

'''While a diagnosis of schizoaffective disorder is rare in the general population, it is considered a common diagnosis among psychiatric disorders. Though Schizoaffective disorder and schizophrenia are often thought of as mood disorders, DSM-V criteria classifies them as psychotic disorders. Diagnosis of schizoaffective disorder is based on DSM-V criteria as well as the presence of various symptoms such as mania, depression, and schizophrenia.'''

Diagnosis

'''Schizoaffective disorder can only be diagnosed among those who have undergone a clinical evaluation with a psychiatrist. The criterion includes mental and physical symptoms such as, hallucinations or delusions, and depressive episodes. There are also links to bad hygiene and a troubled social life for those who suffer from Schizoaffective disorder . Research has failed to conclusively demonstrate a positive relationship between schizoaffective disorder and substance abuse. There are several theorized causations for the onset of Schizoaffective disorder, including, genetics, general brain function, like chemistry, and structure, and stress. '''

Diagnosis and DSM-V Criteria

'''Because of the heterogeneous symptomology associated with schizoaffective disorder, it is common for patients to be misdiagnosed. Many people are either diagnosed with depression, schizophrenia, or bipolar disorder instead of schizoaffective disorder. Because of the broad range of symptoms of Schizoaffective disorder, patients are often misdiagnosed in a clinical setting. In fact, almost 39% of people are misdiagnosed when it comes to psychiatric disorders.'''

Treatment

'While various medications and treatment options exist'' for those diagnosed with schizoaffective disorder, symptoms may continue to impact a person for their entire lifespan. Schizoaffective disorder can affect a person's ability to experience a fulfilling social life and they may also exhibit difficulty forming bonds or relationships with others. Schizoaffective disorder is more likely to occur in women and symptoms begin manifesting at a young age.'''

"Schizoaffective disorder and other disorders on the schizophrenic spectrum are evaluated as a psychotic disorder in the DSM-V, so the line between psychotic or not psychotic begins at a mood disorder, as being considered not psychotic, and schizoaffective disorder along with other disorders of the schizophrenia spectrum, as being considered psychotic. A mood disorder is not in the schizophrenic spectrum."

 FROM ORIGINAL ARTICLE PLUS MY CONTRIBUTIONS: 


 * DSM-5 states that if a patient only experiences psychotic symptoms during a mood episode, their diagnosis is Mood Disorder with Psychotic Features and not Schizophrenia or Schizoaffective Disorder. If the patient experiences psychotic symptoms without mood symptoms for longer than a two-week period, their diagnosis is either Schizophrenia or Schizoaffective Disorder. If mood disorder episodes are present for the majority and residual course of the illness and up until the diagnosis, the patient can be diagnosed with Schizoaffective Disorder.

'Because of the heterogeneous symptomology associated'' with schizoaffective disorder, it is common for patients to be misdiagnosed. Many people are either diagnosed with depression, schizophrenia, or bipolar disorder instead of schizoaffective disorder. Because of the broad range of symptoms of Schizoaffective disorder, patients are often misdiagnosed in a clinical setting. In fact, almost 39% of people are misdiagnosed when it comes to psychiatric disorders.'''

"The mainstay of current treatment is antipsychotic medication combined with mood stabilizer medication or antidepressant medication, or both. There is growing concern by some researchers that antidepressants may increase psychosis, mania, and long-term mood episode cycling in the disorder.[citation needed] " SOURCEADDED

Causes

While the direct cause of Schizoaffective disorder is unknown, there are some potential causes that can jump-start the onset of this disorder.

Epidemiology

'''Children are less likely to be diagnosed with this disorder, as the onset presents itself at a later age. '''

Research

'''Though this rare disorder is often overlooked, it is an important topic to continue researching. Bringing awareness to this illness will impact the lives of those suffering from this disorder tremendously. Advocating for oneself is imperative when it comes to treatment of a mental disorder. If therapy or medications are not available, the best way to heal is to practice healthy coping mechanisms.'''

'' Peer Review Additions:  My peer offered very good advice! They said that I should add statistics and add more content overall. I agree with both of these suggestions! They also mentioned that I should be a bit clearer on my revisions, which I also agree with as I am still in the planning phases of this article. My peer made great points and suggestions, and I will be taking their advice to heart. They also said my sources look reliable, which was a note I was hoping they would add.''

References:

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK541012/

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2215001318300520

https://journals.lww.com/psychopharmacology/fulltext/2016/10000/treatment_patterns_and_antipsychotic_medication.6.aspx

https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/schizoaffective-disorder/

https://americanaddictioncenters.org/psychotic-disorders/schizoaffective

https://www.nami.org/About-Mental-Illness/Mental-Health-Conditions/Schizoaffective-Disorder

[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8394638/#:~:text=This%20study%20concluded%20that%2039.16,at%2017.78%25%20%5B4%5D. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8394638/#:~:text=This%20study%20concluded%20that%2039.16,at%2017.78%25%20%5B4%5D.]

[https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/21544-schizoaffective-disorder#:~:text=This%20lifelong%20illness%20can%20affect,family%2C%20friends%20and%20loved%20ones. https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/21544-schizoaffective-disorder#:~:text=This%20lifelong%20illness%20can%20affect,family%2C%20friends%20and%20loved%20ones.]