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HUMAN CANNIBALISM: EXTENSION TO PIECE.

DRAFT #2:

It should be noted the spread of cannibalistic colonial mythology must be examined through a critical scope. Investigation of certain claims can assist in the determination between fact and fiction. Western society’s adherence to the “Great Chain of Being” ideology (Pagden, 1982; p. 17-18) can help us glean what the concept of the “Barbarian” was; one of Western justification the oppress and dehumanize “the Other” into the “Wildman” (White, 1978, p.154-156). Not everyone held these opinions. In his writing, forty-nine years after the “discovery” of the Americas, Bartholomew Las Casas reports that the native peoples are of “delicate constitutions” (Deverell, Hyde, Las Casas, 2018, p. 27). Still, Spanish Conquistadors had reported that the Aztecs, during the human sacrifices given to their deities, would also partake of consuming the flesh of the victims. In the account of Cortez, several Conquistadors who were captured after failed conversion attempts on the locals, were flayed alive and ritualistically consumed (Tannahill, 1975, ed.Cummins, 2001, p.29-30). French explorer Nicolas del la Salle reports that he witnessed a group of the uinipissas smoking the hand of child and the foot of man (Ethridge, 2010, p.140). On the same epedition, a certain father Memre is atested to hae accidently eaten human flesh that was left over in an abandoned native canoe (Ethridge, 2010, p.141). Jean Baptiste le Mayne Bienville, governor of French Louisiana, during the Chickasaw Indian War attempted to calm down fears of cannibalsim from warring native tribes after a woman escaped from an enemy tribe claiming that an uprising was forming that was to "eat up a village of white people", assuring the french settlers that the phrase was merely an epression (Ethridge, 2010, p.220). The idea of cannibalism as a need of survival was only heard second-hand by the Catholic Priests doing missionary work with the Mohawk and Olgonquin peoples in the Northern regions (Greer, 2006 p. 182-183). Of course, there is data that can suggest a previous ideology of cannibalism in the Southwest, as has been reportedly uncovered at Chaco Canyon. A heap of human remains was found and likened to “food-trash” because of how the bones were broken and the possible burn marks that were present (Preston, 2001 ,p.5). Yet, this is still contested by many, and many attempts of retrospective analyses creates new spaces for critique of previous notions of cannibalistic behavior (Preston, 2001 ;p.13).

SOURCES:

Deverell, William, Hyde,. Shaped by the West, University of California Press. 2018. Print.

Ethridge, Robbie Franklyn. From Chicaza to Chickasaw the European Invasion and the Transformation of the Mississippian World, 1540-1715. University of North Carolina Press, 2010.

DRAFT #1

It should be noted the spread of cannibalistic colonial mythology must be examined through a critical scope. Investigation of certain claims can assist in the determination between fact and fiction. Western society’s adherence to the “Great Chain of Being” ideology (Pagden, 1982; p. 17-18) can help us glean what the concept of the “Barbarian” was; one of Western justification the oppress and dehumanize “the Other” into the “Wildman” (White, 1978, p.154-156). Not everyone held these opinions. In his writing, forty-nine years after the “discovery” of the Americas, Bartholomew Las Casas reports that the native peoples are of “delicate constitutions” (Deverell, Hyde, Las Casas, 2018, p. 27). Still, Spanish Conquistadors had reported that the Aztecs, during the human sacrifices given to their deities, would also partake of consuming the flesh of the victims. In the account of Cortez, several Conquistadors who were captured after failed conversion attempts on the locals, were flayed alive and ritualistically consumed (Tannahill, 1975, ed.Cummins, 2001, p.29-30). French explorer Nicolas del la Salle reports that he witnessed a group of the uinipissas smoking the hand of child and the foot of man (Ethridge, 2010, p.140). On the same epedition, a certain father Memre is atested to hae accidently eaten human flesh that was left over in an abandoned native canoe (Ethridge, 2010, p.141). Jean Baptiste le Mayne Bienville, governor of French Louisiana, during the Chickasaw Indian War attempted to calm down fears of cannibalsim from warring native tribes after a woman escaped from an enemy tribe claiming that an uprising was forming that was to "eat up a village of white people", assuring the french settlers that the phrase was merely an epression (Ethridge, 2010, p.220). The idea of cannibalism as a need of survival was only heard second-hand by the Catholic Priests doing missionary work with the Mohawk and Olgonquin peoples in the Northern regions (Greer, 2006 p. 182-183). Of course, there is data that can suggest a previous ideology of cannibalism in the Southwest, as has been reportedly uncovered at Chaco Canyon. A heap of human remains was found and likened to “food-trash” because of how the bones were broken and the possible burn marks that were present (Preston, 2001 ,p.5). Yet, this is still contested by many, and many attempts of retrospective analyses creates new spaces for critique of previous notions of cannibalistic behavior (Preston, 2001 ;p.13).

SOURCES:

Deverell, William, Hyde,. Shaped by the West, University of California Press. 2018. Print.

Ethridge, Robbie Franklyn. From Chicaza to Chickasaw the European Invasion and the Transformation of the Mississippian World, 1540-1715. University of North Carolina Press, 2010.

Greer, Allan. Mohawk Saint: Catherine Tekakwitha and the Jesuits. Oxford University Press, 2006.

Pagden, Anthony. The Fall of Natural Man : The American Indian and the Origins of Comparative Ethnology / Anthony Pagden. Cambridge [Cambridgeshire] ; New York: Cambridge UP, 1982. Print. Cambridge Iberian and Latin American Studies. Chapter 2, Pages 15-26

Preston, Douglas, et al. “Cannibals - Shocking True Tales of the Last Taboo on Land and at Sea (Paperback).” Edited by Joseph S. Cummins, (Paperback): Joseph S Cummins: 9781592284535 | The Lyon's Press, 2001.

White, Hayden V. Tropics of Discourse: Essays in Cultural Criticism / Hayden White. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins UP, 1978. Web. Pages. 150-180