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ROHINGYA: HISTORICAL AND POLITICAL BACKGROUND, POPULATION, ANTI-ROHINGYA CONSPIRACY AND CURRENT SITUATION

The term ‘ROHINGYA’ is derived from ‘ROHANG’, the ancient name of Arakan. Rohingyas are the direct descendants of the Arabs, Moors, Persians, Pathans, Mughals and Bangalees who visited Arakan for missionary and trade activities at different times since later part of the 7th century. The total population of the ethnic Rohingya is 3.5 million whose ancestral homeland is Arakan, a western province of Burma ´Fact-Finder’s Notes,1: The BBC excels in enlargement of the subject’.

Since the turbulent period of 1942 till today, as a result of inter-communal tension and oppressive Burmese rule as many as 1million Rohingya have been compelled to leave their homeland residing mostly in Bangladesh, India, Pakistan, Malaysia, Thailand, China, Suadi Arabia and UAE as unregistered refugees. When Burma had been separated from British India in 1936, Burma plunged into a chaotic situation marred by inter-communal and religious strife as nationalist Burmese who gained control of the local power whipped up anti-foreigner frenzy and hysteria. In their attempt to drive a wedge between the two sister communities of Arakan with an ulterior motive, the nationalists incited the Arakanese(Rakhine) against the Rihingyas who are depicted as a threat to their race and religion. Hence, the Burmese and Arakanese jointly hatched a conspiracy to do away with the Rohingyas at any cost and the Arakanese carried out a general, indiscriminate massacre against unarmed Rohingya killing more than 100,000 Rohingya and evicting hundreds of thousands more.

After the war was over and the dust of communal violence settled, political process resumed to press for the demand of independence. Both Arakanese and Burmese joined hands in their evil designs to elbow out the Rohingya from future political role in Burma. In the Panglong multi-nationalities conference, held in 1947, which negotiated the future political set-up of Burma, Rohingya were excluded from participation whereas the Arakanese representing the entire people of Arakan, endorsed the Burmese plan, in accordance to a secret agreement, to keep Arakan under the central government dominated by the Burmese. Thus the Arakanese people were deprived from the legitimate right of self-rule even after the departure of colonial British.

Besides the recognition accorded to Rohingya as an indigenous ethnic race of Burma was declared by Ex-Prime Minister U Nu in a radio speech given at 8:00 p.m. on September 25,1954, in pursuance to the Burmese hereditary policy of Rihingya genocide regular ethnic cleansing armed operations intimated to the media as; “The Refugee episode as an ‘illegal immigration problem’” had been carried out in north Arakan by military, the most spectacular being the ‘King Dragon’ operation of 1978 and ‘Pyi Thaya’ operation of 1991-1992 prompting mass refugee exodus through which more than 500,000 thousands Rohingya had been suffering by involuntary repatriation revealed by Amnesty International, Human Rights Watch/Asia, U.S. Committee for Refugees, International Federation of Human Rights Leagues(FIDH), Medicines’ Sans Frontiers(MSF).

The military regime enacted a new Citizenship Law in 1982 which was pointed out as discriminatory and unsustainable under international law and covenants by the both Professor Yokota, the UN Special Reporter on Human Rights and media and unilaterally declared Rohingyas as non-nationals contradicting the historical realities. Following enactment of the new Citizenship Law and takeover by SLORC in 1988 oppression of Rohingyas intensified. Despite the enactment of the new Citizenship Law, Rohingya had also political parties namely ‘National Democratic Party for Human Rights’(NDPHR), was represented by Rohingya politician, won 4 parliamentary sets, was banned in 1992, is also one of the member party of CRPP, is now in establishment in exile and ‘The Students and Youth League for Mayu Development’(Mayu Party), was represented by Rohingya students, was also banned in 1992. In spite of conspiracy, Rohingya had played a substantial political role in Burmese political arena holding ministerial posts in the cabinet of Prime Minister U Nu.

International communities, however, urge the regime not to violate human rights against its own citizen, Rohingya are being subjected to grave and widespread human rights abuses such as arbitrary arrest, torture, custodial killings, summary executions, severe beatings, confinement in jail for unspecified period without trail, rape and dishonour of women, forcible contraception, limitation in age of marriage and prevention from marriage by creating obstacles, ban on polygamy, forcible marriage by Buddhists, ban on wearing hijab, slave labour, using Rohingyas as porters and human shields in front lines, confiscation of land and agricultural produce, restriction on movement even from one village to another, uprooting of villages, distraction of mosques, schools, cemeteries, harassment of religious leaders and inflammatory remarks on Islam and ban on religious activities and forced relocation of settlements that are being fulfilled by military camps, Burmese criminals, military intelligent service, local Arakanese and Rakhine Buddhists from Bangladesh and particularly ban on education etc. etc in the weeks leading up to endorsed by the latest report of Amnesty International.

Kyaw naing@rafiull qadar        member of  (National Democratic Party for Human Rights in establishment in exile) E-mail: kyawnaing28@yahoo.com