User:L.schlieman/Deep sea mining

Environment

Polymetallic Nodule fields form some of the few areas of hard substrate on the pelagic red clay bottom, attracting macrofauna. In 2013, Researchers from the University of Hawaii at Manoa conducted a baseline study of benthic communities in the CCZ, assessing a 350 square mile area with a remote-operated vehicle (ROV). They found that the area surveyed contained one of the most diverse megafaunal communities recorded on the abyssal plain.[19] The megafauna (species greater than 0.78 inches) surveyed included glass sponges, anemones, eyeless fish, sea stars, psychropotes, amphipods, and isopods.[19] Macrofauna (species greater than 0.5mm) were found to have very high local species diversity, with 80 -100 macrofaunal species per square meter. The highest species diversity was found living amongst the polymetallic nodules.[19 ] In a follow-up survey, researchers identified over 1000 species, 90% of them previously unknown, and over 50% of them dependent on the polymetallic nodules for survival; all were identified in areas demarcated for potential seabed mining. Many scientists believe that seabed mining is posed to irreparably harm fragile abyssal plain habitats.