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Adissp
Adissp is a 19kd small polypeptide and an adipokine; it was discovered and named by Qingbo Chen, Yongxu Wang in 2022. Adissp was first reported on August 16, 2022. Under normal basal condition (without any external stimuli), it is largely by the brown fat cell; and in turn activate thermogenic function in brown fat cell a cell-autonomous manner too. In mouse, Adissp can efficiently decrease blood glucose and combat obesity. It’s a thermogenic molecule that initiate thermogenesis programs in BAT and promote browning in inguinal white adipose tissue (iWAT). Human with low level Breg are obese.

Features
The human homozygous of Adissp is C20orf27; in 2020, it was reported that human Adissp can promote cell growth and proliferation of colorectal cancer via the TGFβR-TAK1-NFĸB pathway. In mouse, Adissp is mainly expressed in the classic inter-scapular brown adipose tissue (BAT), followed in the iWAT, and with lowest expression in the epididymal white adipose tissue (eWAT). Most importantly, under basal culture condition, without any external stimuli, Adissp is automatically largely secreted, at least, by the brown fat cell, and it activates thermogenic function; it means that both the secretion and function of Adissp are in a cell-autonomous way.

Body Weight
Physiologically, fat tissues specifically loss or over-expression of Adissp can't result any body weight changes under normal diet. However, over-expression Adissp can remarkably combat obesity when mice fed on a high fat diet for a long time; and vice versa. Very importantly, in a endocrine manner, Adissp activates thermogenesis and decreases blood glucose. Adissp is essential for both β3-Adrenergic receptor agonist, CL316,243, and acute cold to normally activate thermogenic programs.

Adissp systemically maintain energy homeostasis. Unlike other known adipokines or molecules, Breg can exert its thermogenic function independent of both central nervous system and sympathetic nervous system, beyond of this, its can activates beneficial function independent of any external stimuli too. Based on the drug discovery failure lessons, Breg is a promising drug to bring benefit for the patients who are suffering obesity and obesity related disease. Hopefully, Breg would be an efficient drug to type two diabetes, just like what insulin does to type 1 diabetes.

Breg is an unnamed gene before August 2022. It was named by Qingbo Chen, Yongxu Wang on the preprint magazine bioRxiv on August 16, 2022. The human homozygous of Breg is C20orf27, it was reported that C20orf27 can promote cancer cell growth.