User:LJButterfield/sandbox

History

Spain and England were in a dispute over the area of Honduras bay. In the early 1600s the settlement British Honduras, now Belize was established by approximately 80 shipwrecked pirates. This area become know as Belize and became a logwood trade settlement. Woodcutter slaves were brought over from the closest British colony at the time, Jamaica. Decker (2005:3)[5] proposes that the creole spoken in Belize previous to 1786 was probably more like Jamaican than the Belize Kriol of today. The logwood settlements expanded to the Hondurans Islands and the Nicaraguan Caribbean coast (The Miskito Coast). This led to conflicts with Spain. This conflict cased widespread movement within the population, which in turn created many new and diverse ethnic groups. By the Convention of London in 1786 the British were supposed to cease all logwood cutting operations along the Caribbean coast of Central America, except for the Belize settlement. Many of the settlers from the Miskito Coast moved to Belize, bringing their Miskito Coast Creole with them. The immigrants outnumbered the Baymen five to one.[8] The local Kriol speech shifted to become something more like the Miskito Coast Creole.[4] The settlement in Belize city became a crown colony in 1862 and then gained independence in 1981.

Phonology

9. Stress is evenly distributed across syllables, meaning that the prosody of Kriol is different than its lexifier. It is reserved mainly for content words an appears to only have High and Low tones.

The completive aspect
The completive aspect is a form that expresses an action has been carried out or completed. The completive aspect i n Kriol is expressed either without marking, that is, by context only, or by the use of a completive preverbal markers, such as don or finiʂ. The time of completion is dependant on the context and that time that has been established.When the marker don is used, it means that the action has stopped.

Personal pronouns

Personal pronouns: often do not carry case, or gender distinctions and can use the objective form of the lexifier. Their case markings are of accusative alignment, meaning subjects of transitive or intransitive verbs are distinguished from objects.

Complete the references

10/11: Gibson, Kean (1988), "The Habitual Category in Guyanese and Jamaican Creoles", American Speech, 63 (3): 195–202, doi:10.2307/454817

12. Winford, Donald (1985), "The Syntax of Fi Complements in Caribbean English Creole", Language, 61 (3): 588–624, doi:10.2307/414387

13. Bailey, Beryl, L (1966). Jamaican Creole Syntax. Cambridge University Press

14. Patrick, Peter L. (1995), "Recent Jamaican Words in Sociolinguistic Context", American Speech, 70 (3): 227–264, doi:10.2307/455899

15. Lawton, David (1984), "Grammar of the English-Based Jamaican Proverb", American Speech, 2: 123–130, doi:10.2307/455246

16. Irvine, Alison (2004), "A Good Command of the English Language: Phonological Variation in the Jamaican Acrolect", Journal of Pidgin and Creole Languages, 19 (1): 41–76, doi:10.1075/jpcl.19.1.03irv