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Pafra Adhesives Ltd is a privately owned company whose products are focused on adhesives for the paper converting and packaging industries. It is the predominant supplier to the paper based food packaging industry within the United Kingdom.

Until 2012 Pafra Adhesives Ltd had traded solely by word of mouth, their foundations having been built on their reputation for consistent and high quality products and an ethos of good products selling themselves. In 2013 a rebranding exercise saw the launch of brand names AquaPAL and ThermoPAL, a play on the acronym PAL (Pafra Adhesives Ltd) also meaning a close friend (source http://www.thefreedictionary.com/pal).

Pafra Adhesives Ltd was founded in 1959 by Max Kochmann and Paul Frankfurther (from whom the name comes)who held innovation at the centre of their business philosophy. As pioneers in the adhesives industry, the pair are responsible for some of the biggest advances in the field. Paul Frankfurther invented the first Triacetin-plasticised PVA adhesive and Max Kochmann invented the first self-clearing ball valve applicator within the first few years of business.

History

Timeline

1959 Business founded by Paul Frankfurther and Max Kochmann

1960 First factory opens in Triangle Road, Hackney

1963 Moved to a larger factory in Winstanley Way, Basildon

1964 Max Kochmann invents the first self-clearing ball valve applicator

1968 Opened purpose-built factory in Bentalls Industrial Estate, Basildon

Timeline

1959 Business founded by Paul Frankfurther and Max Kochmann

1960 First factory opens in Triangle Road, Hackney

1963 Moved to a larger factory in Winstanley Way, Basildon

1964 Max Kochmann invents the first self-clearing ball valve applicator

1968 Opened purpose-built factory in Bentalls Industrial Estate, Basildon

1971 Major factory expansion

1980 Fully computerised 5 T mixing plant installed on site

1983 Queen’s Award for Export of Adhesive Application Equipment

1983 Max Kochmann established British Adhesives & Sealants Association

1986 Acquisition of Efcol Adhesives France

1991 Company awarded BS EN ISO 9001 Quality Management System

1999 Main plant upgraded to improve process capability

2002 BASA created the Max Kochmann Award for significant contribution to the work and development of the Association

2008 Acquisition of Adhesive International Ltd, Oxford

2009/2010 Major improvements to facilities including processing plant modernization

2011 Company awarded BS EN ISO 14001:2004 Environmental Management System

2013 Re-launch of company brand and website and introduction of Pafra France

Operations

Pafra Adhesives Ltd main manufacturing site is located in Essex, England with a smaller facility located in Goussainville, Paris, France (www.pafra.fr) enabling supply throughout northern Europe. Products

Pafra Adhesives Ltd develop, manufacture and supplying adhesive products for the paper converting and packaging markets. Being an independent business means they have the flexibility to offer bespoke solutions for unique projects when required.

Senior management[edit source]

Unilever's highest executive body is the Unilever Leadership Executive, which is led by the Group Chief Executive (currently Paul Polman).

Members of the current Unilever Executive include: Paul Polman (Group Chief Executive) Doug Baillie (Chief HR Officer) Geneviève Berger (Chief R&D Officer) Kevin Havelock (President, Refreshment) Jean-Marc Huet (chief financial officer) Alan Jope (President, North Asia) Dave Lewis (President, Personal Care) Harish Manwani (chief operating officer) Antoine de Saint-Affrique (President, Food) Kees Kruythoff (President, North America) Pier Luigi Sigismondi (Chief supply chain officer) Keith Weed (Chief marketing and communication officer) Jan Zijderveld (President, Europe) Unilever's current executive and non-executive directors are: Michael Treschow Louise Fresco Ann Fudge Charles E. Golden Kees Storm Byron Grote Hixonia Nyasulu Malcolm Rifkind Paul S. Walsh Sunil Bharti Mittal

Advertising[edit source]

Dove products Unilever is one of the largest media buyers in the world, and invested around €6 billion (US$8 billion) in advertising and promotion in 2010.[35][36]

Unilever has produced many notable advertising campaigns, including: Lynx/Axe click advert with Nick Lachey (United States) and Ben Affleck (rest of the world); PG Tips Monkey and Al; Knorr Chinese Soup, 'Just add one egg!'; and the Dove Campaign for Real Beauty, launched in 2011.[37]

Unilever was also one of the earliest brands to engage with consumers one-on-one using email marketing technology. Using the EchoMail platform, different Unilever brands, such as Dove, Snuggle, or Mentadent, created personalized conversation with consumers to engage them with a specialized brand message, in addition to gathering consumer data and creating an informational network.[38]

Logo[edit source]

The current Unilever corporate logo was introduced in 2004 and was designed by the brand consultancy Wolff Olins. It is composed of 24 icons woven together to create a U shape, with each icon representing one of the company's sub-brands or its corporate values.[39] The brand identity was developed around the idea of "adding vitality to life."[40]

Major competitors[edit source]

Unilever's largest international competitors are Nestlé and Procter & Gamble.[41] It also faces competition in local markets or specific product ranges from numerous companies, including Beiersdorf, ConAgra, Danone, Henkel, Mars, Pepsico, Reckitt Benckiser and S. C. Johnson & Son.

Unilever Foundation[edit source]

The Unilever Foundation is partnering with five leading global organisations: Oxfam, PSI, Save The Children, UNICEF and the World Food Programme and is dedicated to improve the quality through provision of hygiene, sanitation, access to clean drinking water, basic nutrition and enhancing self-esteem.

Environmental record[edit source]

Unilever has declared the goal of decoupling its environmental impact from its growth, by: halving the environmental footprint of its products over the next 10 years; helping 1 billion people improve their health and well-being; and sourcing all of its agricultural raw materials sustainably.[42]

Palm oil[edit source]

Main article: Palm oil

Unilever has been criticised by Greenpeace for causing deforestation,[43] Unilever was targeted in 2008 by Greenpeace UK,[44] which criticised the company for buying palm oil from suppliers that are damaging Indonesia's rainforests. By 2008, Indonesia was losing 2% of its remaining rainforest each year, having the fastest deforestation rate of any other country.[45] The United Nations Environmental Programme stated that palm oil plantations are the leading cause of deforestation in Indonesia.[45]

Furthermore, Indonesia was the third largest emitter of greenhouse gasses largely due to the destruction of rainforests in for the palm oil industry, which contributed to 4% of global green house gas emissions.[46] According to Greenpeace, palm oil expansion was taking place with little oversight from central or local government as procedures for environmental impact assessment, land-use planning and ensuring a proper process for development of concessions were neglected.[46] Plantations that were off-limits, by law, for palm oil plantations were being established as well as the illegal use of fire to clear forest areas was commonplace.[46]

Unilever, as a founding member of the Roundtable on Sustainable Palm Oil (RSPO), responded by publicising its plan to obtain all of its palm oil from sources that are certified as sustainable by 2015.[47]

The process in which Unilever claims to be sustainable is questionable.[according to whom?] Unilever purchases palm oil mostly from the same suppliers as they always have, but now, for every ton of palm oil they purchase, a certificate is also bought from the GreenPalm Programme. Each certificate is associated with a verified farm for delivering sustainable palm oil while the farmer receives certificate money as compensation for investing in sustainable farming.[48] In this way, Unilever can guarantee that for every ton of palm oil bought, a ton was produced sustainably, even if they did not purchase that particular ton of sustainable palm oil.

In Côte d'Ivoire (Ivory Coast), one of Unilever's palm oil suppliers was accused of clearing forest for plantations, an activity that threatened a primate species, Miss Waldron's Red Colobus. Unilever intervened to halt the clearances pending the results of an environmental assessment.[49]

In April 2012, Unilever released a report on the progress made with its sustainable living plan. The company reported that it would achieve its goal of 100% certified sustainable palm oil by the end of 2012, three years ahead of schedule.[50]

Rainforest Alliance[edit source]

Unilever has committed to purchase all its tea from sustainable, ethical sources.[51] It has asked the international environmental NGO, Rainforest Alliance, to start by certifying tea farms in Africa.

See also[edit source]

Henkel AG & Company, KGaA is a manufacturing company making various chemical products including detergents and adhesives, with brands and technologies for consumer and industrial businesses, headquartered in Düsseldorf, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany.

In 2011, Henkel reinforced its position in the emerging markets, where 42 percent of its sales are generated and 54 percent of its people employed.[1]

Contents [hide] 1 Business Areas 2 Brands 2.1 Home care 2.2 Personal care 2.3 Adhesives

3 History 4 Sustainability 5 Social partnership 6 Henkel Art.Award. 7 Competitors 8 See also 9 Notes 10 References 11 External links Business Areas[edit source]

The Henkel company operates in three business areas: Home Care with household cleaning products such as laundry detergent and dishwashing liquid,

Personal Care with beauty and oral care products such as shampoo, toothpaste, hair colorants and shower products, and

Adhesives with adhesives, sealants and surface treatments for consumer and industrial purposes.

Brands[edit source]

Vintage Persil advertising in Wismar Home care[edit source]

Henkel's most famous brand is Persil, introduced in 1907, the first commercial "self-activated" laundry detergent, which means a bubbles forming bleach (sodium perborate) with a soap component (silicate). The abbreviation of the names of the two main components perborate und silicate compose the product name.

Other home care brands include: Purex washing powder, Vernel/Silan fabric softener, Somat/Glist dishwasher tablets and Pril washing-up liquid.

Persil Abaya Shampoo or Persil Black is a liquid detergent that Henkel Company introduced to the Saudi Arabia market in 2007 and later to the rest of the Persian Gulf Cooperation Council markets. Henkel markets this liquid as a detergent specialized for black abayas. An abaya is the loose robe-like garment worn by women in many Islamic cultures. It is traditionally black.

Personal care[edit source]

Schwarzkopf haircare, Schauma shampoo, Fa shower gel and deodorant, Diadermine skin and body care, Dial shower and hand soap.

The cosmetics company Hans Schwarzkopf GmbH was acquired by Henkel in 1985.

Adhesives[edit source]

Loctite and UniBond adhesives and sealants, Pritt glue sticks, Polyseamseal caulk, and Plastic Padding chemicals.[2]

History[edit source]

The company was founded in 1876 in Aachen as Henkel & Cie[3] by Fritz Henkel (a 28 year-old merchant who was interested in science) and two more partners. They marketed his first product, "Universalwaschmittel", a universal detergent based on silicate.

In 1878, to take advantage of the better transport links and sales opportunities, Henkel relocated his company to Düsseldorf on the Rhine (its present site). Düsseldorf was the gateway to the Ruhr region, which became the most important industrial area of the German Empire from the 19th century onward. That year, the first German brand-name detergent appeared: Henkel's Bleich-Soda [Bleaching Soda], an affordably-priced product supplied in sturdy paper bags. Made from water-glass and soda, it was the result of Fritz Henkel's own research. The soda was obtained from Matthes & Weber in Duisburg (Henkel bought this company in 1917 and sold it in 1994).

In 1879, Fritz Henkel was entered as the sole owner in the register of companies. Sales of Henkel's Bleaching Soda increased so rapidly that within just one year the rented factory on the Schützenstraße in Düsseldorf was unable to meet the demand. Fritz Henkel decided to build his own factory with a railway link.

In 1883, to improve liquidity and make better use of the company's travelling sales staff, Fritz Henkel decided to sell merchandise in addition to his detergents. Sales started in 1884. The range included the colorant ultramarine [laundry bluing agent], gloss starch, a liquid cleaning agent, a pomade for cleaning, beef extract, and a hair pomade. Very soon Henkel developed its international presence—in 1886, Henkel opened its first international sales office in Austria. Carl Pathe had gone to Vienna as a representative the year before. In 1893, Henkel established its first business links with England and Italy.

Henkel mural in Berlin, 1951 In 1903, Schwarzkopf founded by Hans Schwarzkopf (1874–1921) launched a powder shampoo. Persil came in 1907 as the first “self-acting laundry detergent”.

Henkel has been a family-run business since the beginning. In 1893, Fritz Henkel, Jr. (1875–1930) joined the firm as an apprentice. After receiving commercial training he became his father's right-hand man in commercial matters. He put Henkel's brand-name product business on a sound footing, developed its already successful advertising still further and was responsible for the company's field service. On July 25, 1904, he became a partner in Henkel, which was transformed into a general commercial partnership. By this time, 110 people were employed at the Holthausen site. On April 25, 1905, Dr. Hugo Henkel (1881–1952), the youngest son of Fritz Henkel, Sr., joined the company as a chemist. He was in charge of Chemical Products and Technology. Over the years, he laid the foundations of systematic research and introduced advanced technologies and new raw materials. In 1908, he became a personally liable partner in the company.

In 1912, total production in Düsseldorf-Holthausen rose to 49,890 tons. At 19,750 tons, Persil laundry detergent accounted for 40 percent of this, just five years after its market launch. The number of employees increased by 89 relative to the previous year, resulting in a total workforce of 1,024. Around half were female. A first-aid center was set up in the plant and a full-time nurse was employed. In the previous year Henkel had installed ball fields and play areas to encourage exercise during break times. Female employees could attend the plant's own housekeeping school during the lunch break.

On January 11, 1923, troops from France and Belgium occupied the Rhineland. The occupation made delivery of adhesives from suppliers used for the packaging of Persil unreliable. The disruption caused Henkel to internally manufacture adhesives for its own needs. Henkel found there was a demand for adhesives on the market, and on June 22, 1923, the first adhesive shipment left the plant.[4]

During World War II, foreign civilians and prisoners of war were working for the company. Henkel was part of a large-scale restitution settlement.

Henkel U.S. headquarters Scottsdale, Arizona On April 16, 1945, American troops occupied Henkel's Düsseldorf site. On June 5, the British military command in Düsseldorf took over from the Americans. From July 20, the British military government gradually granted permission for the production of adhesives, P3 and water-glass by Henkel, and for soaps and detergents as well as shoe polish by Thompson. In February 1946, Matthes & Weber in Duisburg was given permission to process available raw materials into soda. On September 20, 1945, five members of the Henkel family and another seven members of the Management Board and the Supervisory Board were interned.

In 1949, the launch of Schauma shampoo by Schwarzkopf marked the start of the most successful German shampoos.

In 1954, Henkel-subsidiary Dreiring launched Fa soap, a new type of toilet soap. From 1970 onward it was joined by a series of Fa deodorants, shower gels and bubble baths, making Fa one of the best known umbrella brands in the toiletry sector.

Pritt, the world's first glue stick, made its debut in 1969. Over the years, other products were introduced under this brand, underlining Henkel's importance in the office and stationery supplies sector. Exports of Pritt began in the same year, eventually making this Henkel's most widespread global brand. Vernel fabric softener and enzyme-based bioactive Persil 70 appeared.

Henkel building in Düsseldorf. Starting in the 1960s, Henkel has combined organic growth with strategic company acquisitions: In 1960, by acquiring Standard Chemical Products, Inc. (known as Henkel Inc from 1971), Henkel entered the U.S. chemical products market. In 1962, Henkel acquired Sichel-Werke AG, Hannover, its main German competitor in the adhesives sector. In 1974, Henkel acquired shares in The Clorox Company, USA, to facilitate the production and sale of certain products developed by Henkel for household and bulk consumers (sold in 2004). In 1983, Henkel acquired the AOK facial care range from the company von Heyden GmbH and thus strengthened its position in the cosmetics retail trade. In 1984, Teroson of Heidelberg (in existence since 1898) was acquired and integrated into Henkel's Adhesives and Surface Technologies business sectors. Later it purchased Loctite in 1987. Cosmetics company Hans Schwarzkopf GmbH was acquired by Henkel in 1985 The purchase of The Dial Corporation in 2004 was the biggest acquisition in the history of the company until then: This renowned U.S. personal care and household cleaning products company gave Henkel a strong foothold on the North American market. In 2004, Henkel also acquired the American cosmetics company Advanced Research Laboratories (ARL), that has developed and marketed hair cosmetics. In April 2008, Henkel has taken over from AkzoNobel the Adhesives and Electronic Materials businesses previously owned by National Starch. In 2007, these two business segments of National Starch generated sales of £1.25 billion (about €1.83 billion). The purchase price was £2.7 billion (about €3.7 billion).

On May 5, 2011, Jyothy Laboratories bought 50.97% stake in Henkel India. It has offered to buy 20% more in Henkel India through a compulsory open offer mandated by SEBI norms.[5]

In 2008, Henkel KGaA became Henkel AG & Co. KGaA. That same year, Prof. Dr. Ulrich Lehner retired from his position as Chairman of the Management Board of Henkel KGaA. He was succeeded by Kasper Rorsted.[6] In September 2009, Dr. Simone Bagel-Trah was elected as new Chairwoman by the Henkel Shareholders’ Committee as well as Henkel’s Supervisory Board.[7] The retirement of Albrecht Woeste marked the transition from the fourth generation of the Henkel family to the fifth.

In 2010, Henkel defined a new corporate vision: “A global leader in brands and technologies”. In order to implement them into the company’s working environment, the five values “customers”, “people”, “financial performance”, “sustainability” and “family” were discussed by all employees in around 5,000 workshops. In 2011, Henkel introduced its new corporate design combined with the launch of its new claim “Henkel – Excellence is our Passion”.[8]

Sustainability[edit source]

In its company history, Henkel emphasizes the importance of sustainable development. In 1958, for instance, Henkel’s research systematically studied washing active substances in surface waters, which led to the development of low-foam surfactants. Henkel was thus prepared for the German Detergents Act of 1961 passed in response to the mountains of foam on rivers and lakes. It permitted only readily biodegradable detergents to be used from 1964 onward. As early as 1992, Henkel published its first Environment Report.[9] Henkel is also a founding member of the “World Business Council for Sustainable Development” (WBCSD).[10] In 2003, Henkel declared its participation in the United Nations Global Compact and has committed itself to the Compact’s ten principles in the areas of human rights, labor, environment and anti-corruption.[11] Since 2008, Henkel is an official member of the “Roundtable for Sustainable Palm Oil” (RSPO).[12]

In 2008, the company announced its sustainability targets for 2012, which were met by the end of 2010: energy consumption had decreased by 21 percent, water usage by 26 percent, and the amount of waste generated by 24 percent. Over the same period, the number of occupational accidents fell by 29 percent.[13] Presented in 2012, the goal of Henkel’s new Sustainability Strategy 2030 is to achieve more with less and to triple the efficiency. The strategy’s focal areas are divided into two dimensions: Under the headline “more value”, the company focuses on the areas “social progress”, “safety and health” and “performance”. The second dimension “reduced footprint” deals with “energy and climate”, “materials and waste” and “water and wastewater”.[14] As a short-term goal until 2015, Henkel aims to achieve a 15 percent reduction per production unit in the focal areas energy, water and waste. At the same time, the company plans to reach a 10 percent increase in net external sales per production unit. Henkel also intends to reduce its incident rate by 20 percent.[15]

Henkel has been listed in the Dow Jones Sustainability Index ever since it was established in 1999.[16] In 2011, the company was named sustainability leader in the Nondurable Household Products sector for the fifth consecutive time.

Henkel has structured its corporate citizenship activities around three core elements: supporting employee volunteering (MIT Initiative), corporate and brand engagement for the common good and emergency aid. Since 1998, more than 4,000 Henkel employees and retirees have been involved in over 9,700 projects in more than 50 different countries.[17]

Social partnership[edit source]

Henkel is a part of the Corporate and Brand Engagement. This is a social partnership that supports communities around the world along with social and public institutions. These include sports, clubs, hospitals, kindergartens, schools and universities, charity organizations and cultural events. Henkel supports long-term projects of engagement, social needs, education and science, fitnessand health, arts and culture as well as it supports the environment.

Henkel Art.Award.[edit source]

In 2002, Henkel CEE[18] launched the Henkel Art Award — a prize for art in 30 countries in Central Eastern Europe and Central Asia. In addition to the monetary prize and presentation of the works of art in Vienna, an exhibition is also organized for the winner in his or her homeland.

Competitors[edit source]

Henkel's main competitors in its cleaning division are Unilever, Procter & Gamble and Reckitt Benckiser. In its beauty division, its main competitors are Unilever, Procter and Gamble and L'Oréal. In its chemical and adhesive division, it has many competitors, but the main multinational competitors are Bostik and H. B. Fuller.