User:LONGYC6/sandbox

= Osedax =

Evolution
Chelonioids, one of the important food source of Osedax, survived from end-Cretaceous mass extinction. Many implications about the evolution of Osedax can be reveal in the investigation of marine reptile carcasses as they preceded whales in the chronological timeline as Osedax's main sustenance source. Osedax are found to contain generalist ability to feed on different vertebrates (fishes, marine birds, whale bones), which is a ancestral trait dating back to cretaceous age, supported by fossil traces evidence.

Morphology
https://alchetron.com/cdn/osedax-0997a2a9-5aae-4530-b489-a7c02fabdd5-resize-750.gif

Species
14 new species found in the Monterey Bay, California, USA

bryani Rouse, Goffredi, Johnson & Vrijenhoek

docricketts Rouse, Goffredi, Johnson & Vrijenhoek

jabba Rouse, Goffredi, Johnson & Vrijenhoek

knutei Rouse, Goffredi, Johnson & Vrijenhoek

lehmani Rouse, Goffredi, Johnson & Vrijenhoek

lonnyi Rouse, Goffredi, Johnson & Vrijenhoek

packardorum Rouse, Goffredi, Johnson & Vrijenhoek

randyi Rouse, Goffredi, Johnson & Vrijenhoek

ryderi Rouse, Goffredi, Johnson & Vrijenhoek

sigridae Rouse, Goffredi, Johnson & Vrijenhoek

talkovici Rouse, Goffredi, Johnson & Vrijenhoek

tiburon Rouse, Goffredi, Johnson & Vrijenhoek

ventana Rouse, Goffredi, Johnson & Vrijenhoek

westernflyer Rouse, Goffredi, Johnson & Vrijenhoek

1.Fujiwara, Yoshihiro, et al. “New Species of Bone-Eating Worm Osedax from the Abyssal South Atlantic Ocean (Annelida, Siboglinidae).” ZooKeys, vol. 814, 2019, pp. 53–69., doi:10.3897/zookeys.814.28869.

DOI:10.3897/zookeys.814.28869


 * Description of a new species of Osedax Brasiliensis found in the Southwest Atlantic Ocean using observation retrieved with HOV.
 * This new species can be distinguished by the presence of a yellow bump or patch behind the prostomium and its trunk length
 * Article included phylogenetic analysis along with the pre-existing species of Osedax

2.Rouse, G. W., Goffredi, S. K., Johnson, S.B., Vrijenhoek, R.C. (2018). An inordinate fondness for Osedax (Siboglinidae: Annelida): Fourteen new species of bone worms from California. Zootaxa. 4377 (4): 451-489, 20172096, doi:10.11646/zootaxa.4377.4.1

DOI: https://doi:10.11646/zootaxa.4377.4.1


 * Specimens, DNA sequences from taxa sampling are used to explain the phylogeny and diversity of this clade of siboglinids. Similar to article 1, phylogenetic analysis is important in interpretation of finding.
 * The exploitation of extant bird and marine turtle bones by Osedax is reported for the first time.

3.Higgs, Nicholas D., et al.(2014). “The Morphological Diversity of Osedax Worm Borings (Annelida: Siboglinidae).” Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, vol. 94, no. 7, pp. 1429–1439., doi:10.1017/s0025315414000770.

URL: https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/journal-of-the-marine-biological-association-of-the-united-kingdom/article/morphological-diversity-of-osedax-worm-borings-annelida-siboglinidae/E9D661820DB3139828AA47DE7A926C2E


 * Osedex have specialized “root tissues”, the main functions are to bore into the bones of decomposing vertebrates skeletons and obtain nutrition.
 * ROVs are used to collect the bones. The specimens are applied with CT scanning and petrographic thin sections.
 * Quantitative description of the morphological data helps explain the factors of morphological diversity in osedax borings. Resource partitioning and the coexistence of Osedax species is also discussed.

4.Rouse, GW., et al.(1970) “Neural Reconstruction of Bone-Eating Osedax Spp. (Annelida) and Evolution of the Siboglinid Nervous System.” BMC Evolutionary Biology, BioMed Central, 1 Jan. 1970, bmcevolbiol.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12862-016-0639-7.

URL: https://bmcevolbiol.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12862-016-0639-7


 * Gutless females have a unique root system that penetrates the bone; a cylindrical trunk emerges from it.
 * In most species, dwarf males gather in harems along the female’s trunk.
 * Hypotheses are raised about the evolutionary history of the nervous system of Osedax.
 * Figures with schematic drawing and confocal laser scanning microscopy are included to illustrate the nervous system of Osedax.

5.Danise Silvia and Higgs Nicholas D., et al.(2015). “Bone-Eating Osedax Worms Lived on Mesozoic Marine Reptile Deadfalls.” Biology Letters, royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/10.1098/rsbl.2015.0072.

URL: https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/10.1098/rsbl.2015.0072


 * This paper discusses the fossil traces of Osedax.
 * Osedax was fed on skeletons of sunken vertebrates on the ocean floor.
 * Finding shows that marine reptile carcasses played a key role in the evolution and dispersal of Osedax.
 * It is found that the bioerosion of Osedax is concentrated in the centre of the bone.

6.Kiel, Steffen, et al. (2012).“Traces of the Bone-Eating Annelid Osedax in Oligocene Whale Teeth and Fish Bones.” Paläontologische Zeitschrift, vol. 87, no. 1, 2012, pp. 161–167., doi:10.1007/s12542-012-0158-9.


 * The range of substrates of Osedax has important implications for its evolutionary history. Osedax was indicated to consume a wide range of vertebrates
 * Micro-computed tomography is used for analysis
 * The generalist ability to exploit vertebrate bones may be an ancestral trait of Osedax.
 * Boring produced by Osedax in modern & fossil bone shows short tunnel structure that is extending from circular hole in the surface to interior cavity