User:LaDonna205/sandbox

I have reviewed the feedback from Ddmiller12. I will validate and update my citations. I will validate the citations because having validate citations is a key element in Wikipedia.

AddieGrace. I think that expanding the criticism section is a great idea. But, it may be difficult when trying to update this section because of the previous literature. And the Effectiveness section, I also saw a need to expand on this section because I felt as though there are other areas where behavior modification can be effective like, depression or addiction. Great points!

I have also reviewed Dr. Rahn feedback and I will look for peer-reviewed secondary articles within the last 10 years

Description
The first use of the term behavior modification appears to have been by Edward Thorndike in 1911. His article Provisional Laws of Acquired Behavior or Learning makes frequent use of the term "modifying behavior".[5] Through early research in the 1940s and the 1950s the term was used by Joseph Wolpe's research group.[6] The experimental tradition in clinical psychology used it to refer to psycho-therapeutic techniques derived from empirical research.[7] In the 1960s, behavior modification operated on stimulus-response-reinforcement framework (S-R-SR), emphasizing the concept of transactional explanations of behavior.[8] It has since come to refer mainly to techniques for increasing adaptive behavior through reinforcement and decreasing maladaptive behavior through extinction or punishment (with emphasis on the former).

Some Areas of Effectiveness
Functional behavior assessment forms the core of applied behavior analysis. Many techniques in this therapy are specific techniques aimed at specific issues. Interventions based on behavior analytic principles have been extremely effective in developing evidence-based treatments.[8] In addition to the above, a growing list of research-based interventions from the behavioral paradigm exist.

=== Children with ADHD===

For children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), one study showed that over a several-year period, children in the behavior modification group had half the number of felony arrests as children in the medication group.[9][10] These findings have yet to be replicated, but are considered encouraging for the use of behavior modification for children with ADHD. There is strong and consistent evidence that behavioral treatments are effective for treating ADHD. A recent meta-analysis found that the use of behavior modification for ADHD resulted in effect sizes in between group studies (.83), pre-post studies (.70), within group studies (2.64), and single subject studies (3.78) indicating behavioral treatments are highly effective.[11]

===Uncontrollable Diabetes 2===

'''Drawing upon Bandura's self-efficacy theory, which has proven effective in programs aimed at promoting health-related behavioral changes in adults with diabetes, various interventions have been implemented. These interventions incorporate group counseling, group discussions, and an empowerment process, all geared towards encouraging individuals to adopt healthy dietary practices, adhere to medication regimens, and engage in regular exercise, with the goal of improving glycemic levels. Notably, the outcomes of these programs have demonstrated promising advancements, with notable improvements observed in self-efficacy and trends towards significance in hemoglobin A1c levels. '''

===Residential Treatment===

===Weight Loss Outcomes===

'''Recent research has shown effectiveness for obese people who binge eat. One program called the Trevose Behavior Modification Program (TBMP) is an accessible self-help weight loss program that emphasizes ongoing care. TBMP, administered and directed by non-professionals, has demonstrated remarkable success in facilitating substantial and lasting weight loss. This program not only offers the advantage of being cost-effective but also provides continuous support. Notably, individuals with and without frequent binge eating have achieved significant long-term weight loss through TBMP's continuing care approach. '''

===Addictions===

One area that has repeatedly shown effectiveness has been the work of behaviorists working in the area of community reinforcement for addictions.[13]

===Depression===

Another area of research that has been strongly supported has been behavioral activation for depression.[14]

One way of giving positive reinforcement in behavior modification is in providing compliments, approval, encouragement, and affirmation; a ratio of five compliments for every one complaint is generally seen as being effective in altering behavior in a desired manner[15] and even in producing stable marriages.[16]

===In Job performance===

Based on the conceptual premises of classical behaviorism and reinforcement theory, the Organizational behavior management (aka OBM) represents a behavioral approach to the management of human resources in organizational settings.[17] The application of reinforcement theory to modification of behavior as it relates to job performance first requires analysis of necessary antecedents (e.g., job design, training) of the desired behavior.[17] After it has been determined that the necessary antecedents are present, managers must first identify the behaviors to change. These behaviors must be observable, measurable, task-related, and critical to the task at hand. Next, a baseline measure of the behavior must be assessed and functional consequences analyzed.[17] Now that the link between the antecedent, behavior, and contingent consequences has been established, an intervention to change the behavior can be introduced. If the intervention is successful in modifying the behavior, it must be maintained using schedules of reinforcement and must be evaluated for performance improvement.[17] The OBM has been found to have a significant positive effect on task performance globally,[17][18] with performance on average increasing 17%.[19]

A study that examined the differential effects of incentive motivators administered with the OBM on job performance found that using money as a reinforcer with OBM was more successful at increasing performance compared to routine pay for performance (i.e., money administered on performance not using OBM).[20] The authors also found that using money administered through the OBM produced stronger effects (37% performance increase), compared to social recognition (24% performance increase) and performance feedback (20% performance increase).[20]