User:Labzq3/sandbox

Personal Life and Education
Carl Bayer was born (March 4, 1847) in the Duchy of Upper and Lower Silesia in the Austrian Empire, which is now Poland.[1] He attended Heidelberg University in Germany where he studied chemistry under Robert Bunsen from 1869-1871, the namesake of the Bunsen burner. At Heidelberg, Bayer received his doctorate degree in 1871 with a dissertation on the chemistry of indium which was discovered recently in 1863.[1] After obtaining his doctorate, Bayer lectured for two years at Technische Hochschule in Brno, and then left to establish his own research company. Bayer then moved to St. Petersburg in 1885 where he flourished as an inventor. At age 45 he married the daughter of a Russian politician, Alma Von Witte and settled in Rietzdorf (modern day Rečica ob Paki, Slovenia). Together they had six children, and in 1904 at the age of 57, Bayer died. His wife would survive him until 1962, when she died at the age of 94.

Aluminum Ore Processing Prior to Bayer
Bauxite was discovered in 1821 by Pierre Berthier and named it after a village named Les Beaux where he found it.[2] To obtain the alumina from the bauxite ore, a process was developed that used acid to dissolve aluminum but resulted in a product that contained large amounts of iron and titanium dissolved within which were difficult to remove. Due to these impurities, the process was not employed for use, but was an approach that was explored. Louis Le Chatelier, in 1855, created a process that produced aluminum hydroxide by heating in sodium carbonate and then leaching.[3] Bubbling through the solution with CO2 precipitated aluminum hydroxide, which when dried, allowed for the recovery of alumina.

Bayer’s Contribution to Aluminum Ore Processing
Bayer worked in the textile industry in Saint Petersburg, where aluminum hydroxide was used to help affix dye to the cotton.[4] While working he made two important discoveries regarding processing steps that helped separate the Bayer process from that of Le Chatelier. In 1888, Bayer found that by using a pure seed of aluminum hydroxide, a crystalline precipitate formed that was more economical than that obtained by Le Chatelier.[3] In 1892, Bayer discovered that by using an autoclave, or a pressure leaching vessel, in combination with an NaOH leachant the process resulted in a very pure sodium aluminate solution that could be used for his precipitation step that he discovered previously. Both steps are widely used today but have been improved upon as technology has evolved.

Peer Review Additions Bayer post process discovery After discovery, Bayer worked as a startup consultant for alumina manufacturing around Europe. Bayer returned to Austria in 1894 to start an alumina factory but was unable to secure enough capital to fully fund the project.

Importance to the Aluminum Industry Alumina and aluminum production underwent significant changes in processing due to discoveries made by Karl Bayer, Charles Martin Hall, and Paul Héroult. Hall and Heroult share credit for inventing aluminum electrolysis. The Hall-Heroult method is the primary method of producing modern aluminum and requires high purity alumina to produce aluminum. The Bayer process produces high purity alumina which is then used in the Hall-Heroult process as the main raw material. In 1900, aluminum was valued at the equivalent of 100 current US dollars, but over the next 50 years decreased in price to approximately 20 current US dollars. This decrease is attributed to the increase in the ease of manufacturing associated with aluminum after Bayer, Hall, and Heroult’s discoveries.

Personal Life and Education
Carl Bayer was born (March 4, 1847) in what is currently Poland, but at the time of birth a duchy in the Austrian Empire known officially as The Duchy of Upper and Lower Silesia. He attended Heidelberg University in Germany where he studied chemistry under Robert Bunsen from 1869-1871, the namesake of the Bunsen burner. At Heidelberg, Bayer received his doctorate degree with a dissertation on the recently discovered metal of indium in 1871. After obtaining his doctorate, Bayer lectured for two years at Technische Hochschule in Brno, and then left to establish his own research and consulting company. Bayer then moved to St. Petersburg in 1885 where he flourished as an inventor. When 45, he married the daughter of a Russian politician, Alma Von Witte and settled in Rietzdorf (modern day Rečica ob Paki, Slovenia). Together they had six children, and in 1904 at the age of 57, Bayer died. His wife would survive him until 1962, when she died at the age of 94. Labzq3 (talk) 03:28, 15 March 2019 (UTC)

Labzq3 (talk) 16:23, 8 March 2019 (UTC)

Jcr9r2 (talk) 02:34, 15 March 2019 (UTC)

Aluminum Ore Processing Prior to Bayer
Bauxite was discovered in 1821 by Pierre Berthier and named it after a village named Les Beaux where he found it. To obtain the alumina from the bauxite ore, a process was developed that used acid to dissolve aluminum but resulted in a product that contained large amounts of iron and titanium dissolved within which were difficult to remove. Due to these impurities, the process was not employed for use, but was an approach that was explored. Louis Le Chatelier, in 1855, created a process that produced aluminum hydroxide by heating in sodium carbonate and then leaching. By bubbling with CO2 the aluminum hydroxide precipitated. By drying the precipitated hydroxide, the alumina was recovered.

Bayer’s Contribution to Aluminum Ore Processing
Bayer worked in the textile industry in Saint Petersburg, where aluminum hydroxide was used to help affix dye to the cotton. While working he made two important discoveries regarding processing steps that helped separate the Bayer process from that of Le Chatelier. In 1888, Bayer found that by using a pure seed of aluminum hydroxide, a crystalline precipitate formed that was more economical than that obtained by Le Chatelier. In 1892, Bayer discovered that by using an autoclave, or a pressure leaching vessel, in combination with an NaOH leachant the process resulted in a very pure sodium aluminate solution that could be used for his precipitation step that he discovered previously. Both of these steps are widely used today, but have been improved upon as technology has evolved.

This talk signoff is wrong as they were made 3/14 at 10:08PM

Peer Edit RandyGreeves (talk) 15:46, 22 March 2019 (UTC)
After reading through your article I am going to see if there is any way to have a similar set up with a before an after article, I also will be checking my work for passive voice as it is very easy to fall into the habit of writing in it. RandyGreeves (talk) 15:45, 22 March 2019 (UTC)
 * 1) Your first paragraph does a good job at introducing who caral bayer is and what he did early in his life. One thing I was curious about was what his thesis on indium was and what he found there, and did that research play a role in giving him insight that would help him down the line when he discovered a better method of processing aluminum?
 * 2) As for grammar there are many places where words can be cut out in order to make the article more concise for example “ Carl Bayer was born (March 4, 1847) in what is currently Poland, but at the time of birth a duchy in the Austrian Empire known officially as The Duchy of Upper and Lower Silesia.” could be written as ‘Carl Bayer was born March 4, 1847 in the Duchy of Upper and Lower Silesia in the Austrian Empire, which is modern day Poland.’ writing like helps keep things simple and avoids unnecessary repetition.
 * 3) There is a lot of passive voice in your writing that makes it difficult to read, try using more active voice. Similarly to what I wrote above. For example “ By bubbling with CO2 the aluminum hydroxide precipitated.” instead write ‘in order to cause the aluminum hydroxide to precipitate Chatelier released carbon dioxide gas into the mixture which caused it to….” this allows you to add more information without getting repetitive.
 * 4) I really liked how you provided information on how things were done before Bayer’s innovations as it really sets the stage and provides important background information to help readers understand whats going on.

Article Evaluation
Steelmaking

Evaluation of Steelmaking Article

Labzq3 (talk) 16:53, 22 February 2019 (UTC)
 * Is everything in the article relevant to the article topic? Is there anything that distracted you?
 * The article contains relevant information to the article topic, but is very bare bones when it comes to describing the process of steelmaking. It leaves out other historical methods of making steel, as well as post melting processing to produce steel. It needs additional information in regards to hot-working, and other information. The Hlsarna portion of the article is distracting as it is not widely used and is not explained greatly.
 * Is any information out of date? Is anything missing that could be added?
 * The information is up to date, but it is missing some historical methods of creating steel. It also is missing sections about vacuum degassing, and specialty processing for different types of steel. Discussion about new technology in the steelmaking world would be beneficial.
 * What else could be improved?
 * I would like to see additional information provided across the board, as well as some information about why specific things are added to influence steel properties. These additions could help greatly with regards to how steel is produced and why the steps are done to produce high quality steel.
 * Is the article neutral? Are there any claims that appear heavily biased toward a particular position?
 * The article is indeed neutral and the claims do not appear to be biased.
 * Are there viewpoints that are overrepresented, or underrepresented?
 * The section about secondary steelmaking is missing information and is underrepresented.
 * Check a few citations. Do the links work? Does the source support the claims in the article?
 * Some of the links are not working for me currently, specifically Steel Production Gas to Power, www.clarke-energy.com
 * Is each fact referenced with an appropriate, reliable reference? Where does the information come from? Are these neutral sources? If biased, is that bias noted?
 * Some of the facts are referenced, and some are identified as needing citations. The information comes from books and websites. The websites I would consider to not be primary or peer-reviewed sources.
 * What kinds of conversations, if any, are going on behind the scenes about how to represent this topic?
 * There is some discussion about completely removing the page and only using the "steel" page, but steelmaking is a large article that per agreement with others is important to be separate.
 * How is the article rated? Is it a part of any WikiProjects?
 * The article is a level 4 vital start class article. It is part of the Metalworking WikiProject.
 * How does the way Wikipedia discusses this topic differ from the way we've talked about it in class?
 * I do not believe this question is applicable to this article.

Selected Article Discussion and Sources
Carl Josef Bayer

Why did you choose it?


 * Bayer, and the Bayer process are both critical to the story of how modern aluminum is produced. Bayer and Hall-Heroult effectively transformed aluminum production methods and made them extremely cost effective.

What is missing? What additions are needed?


 * Sections on Aluminum processing before Bayer came along, Bayer's Personal life and Research, a sub-section about the Bayer process (linked to the wikipedia page) are missing. Additions of these sections would make for a well-rounded article.

Sources (Found and accessible online)


 * 1) Karl Josef Bayer and his time - Part 1 (Fathi Habashi)
 * 2) Karl Josef Bayer and his time - Part 2 (Fathi Habashi)
 * 3) Bayer's Process for Alumina Production: A Historical Perspective

Sources Referenced within articles above:

Labzq3 (talk) 16:49, 1 March 2019 (UTC)
 * 1) J. D. Edwards, F. C. Frary, and Z. Jeffries, aluminum and Its Production, McGraw Hill, New York, 1930
 * 2) K. J. Bayer, "Beiträge zur Kenntnis des Indiums," Dissertation, Heidelberg Universität, 1871.
 * 3) F Habashi, Principles of Extractive Metallurgy, Vol. 2, "Hydrometallurgy," Gordon & Breach Science Publishers, New York, 1970
 * 4) . Habashi, Ed., Progress in Extractive Metallurgy, Vol. 1, Gordon & Breach Science Publishers, New York, 1973.

CopyEdit for Bayer page and Article Draft Additions
Copied from Carl Josef Bayer

"Carl Josef Bayer (also Karl Bayer, March 4, 1847 in Bielsko, Austrian Silesia, Austrian Empire – October 4, 1904 in Rietzdorf, Duchy of Styria, Austria-Hungary) was an Austrian chemist who invented the Bayer process of extracting alumina from bauxite, essential to this day to the economical production of aluminium.

Bayer had been working in Saint Petersburg at the Tentelev chemical plant to develop a method to provide alumina to the textile industry that used it as a fixing agent in the dyeing of cotton. In 1887, he discovered that alumina found in bauxite ore can be selectively dissolved when reacted in an autoclave with sodium hydroxide. The formed aluminium hydroxide can be precipitated from the alkaline solution when inoculated with alumina hydrate. In 1888, Bayer developed and patented his four-stage process of extracting alumina from bauxite ore.

In the mid-19th-century, aluminium was so precious that a bar of the metal was exhibited alongside the French Crown Jewels at the Exposition Universelle in Paris 1855. Along with the Hall-Héroult process, Bayer's solution caused the price of aluminum to drop about 80% in 1890 from what it had been in 1854. "

Labzq3 (talk) 03:05, 15 March 2019 (UTC)

Jcr9r2 (talk) 00:07, 17 March 2019 (UTC)

Reference Section
Labzq3 (talk) 01:32, 28 February 2019 (UTC)