User:Lacunae/0

"In the relatively limited contemporary research literature on this subject, non-convective high winds are not rigorously defined in terms of intensity. Some studies (e.g. Lacke et al. 2007) attempt to employ the typical US National Weather Service (NWS) thresholds for high wind events, i.e. sustained (peak 1 min) 10-m-elevation winds of 40 mph(18 m⁄s) for at least 1 h; or a gust of 58 mph (26 m⁄s) for any duration. Other studies (e.g. Von Ahn et al. 2005) use hurricane-force maximum winds of 74 mph (33 m⁄s) as measured by satellites (Figure 3), ships or buoys as a threshold. Still other studies simply refer to ‘strong’ or ‘damaging’ winds (e.g. Browning 2004; Kapela et al. 1995) without any specific definition or threshold, although 40 m⁄s recurs in the European literature as a benchmark (e.g. Baker 2009)."

"For example, the 1953 North Sea flood, caused by levee failures during an intense extratropical cyclone, inflicted as many confirmed fatalities in the Netherlands (1835; Sterl et al. 2009) as did Hurricane Katrina in the US Gulf Coast in 2005 (1833; Beven et al. 2008)."