User:Lacunae/26

http://www.metoffice.gov.uk/learning/learn-about-the-weather/how-weather-works/highs-and-lows/pressure The following is a list of atmospheric pressure records in Europe and the extra-tropical Atlantic on synoptic scale (it does not include localised events, such as those which may occur in tornados).

Average pressure of 1013 hPa extreme high values 55 hPa above this, while extreme lows are around 100 hPa lower than average.

Polar_front How powerful a low pressure is, depends mainly on how much the temperature difference between the cold and the hot air is. During the autumn, the days begin to shorter and we receive even less heat from the sun. The polar regions get much less solar radiation than the areas around the equator because the solar angle is less than the poles at this time compared with the summer.North of the polar circle is dark. This gives a greater temperature difference and thus potential for more powerful low pressure.https://www.yr.no/artikkel/derfor-er-det-hoysesong-for-ekstremvaer-1.13861700

'''It is something of a paradox that extremely high values of atmospheric pressure occur, almost invariably, in winter. High pressure values are associated with anticyclones, and at the risk of over-simplification, one could say that these tend to form where the atmosphere, throughout its depth, is relatively cold. When this is so, the column of air above a particular spot will weigh more than a corresponding column elsewhere, and the extra weight causes the pressure at the surface to be higher than the average. For these reasons, summer anticyclones tend to form over relatively cool ocean areas; high pressure in wintertime, on the other hand, is more likely to be found over the cold continents'''

Record pressure variations see northwest Europe recording the lowest figures for the continent, while northeast Europe recorded the record high. Variation is less to the south and southwest of the continent.

Eurasian winter Blocking

'''Lamb (1972) reported that the zone of maximum pressure variability closely mirrors the main subpolar cyclone zone, with the highest mean dp(abs)24 values of 11 hPa in winter just off the Atlantic seaboard of Nova Scotia–Newfoundland and near East Greenland–Iceland, reflecting sharp temperature contrasts and pressure changes in these regions; in summer, in accordance with generally much less stormy conditions, the zone of highest mean dp(abs)24 was 6 hPa in the south of Hudson Bay.'''

The winter months of January is when the highest pressures and lowest pressures are seen, with the summer seeing a lower chance of extreme values.

''almost all of these values ​​relate to the winter months. This is because the winter pressure records combine the two types of anticyclone, the thermal and the dynamic. To put it simply, the dynamic anticyclone is due to the subsidence of the air mass from the upper atmosphere; its standard model is the Azores anticyclone. The thermal anticyclone is linked to the weight of very cold and very dense air close to the ground; it does not usually find its trace at high altitude. This type of anticyclone is generally encountered winter on continental shields such as Russia or Canada, and ground pressures regularly exceed 1050 hPa. In winter, both effects usually combine, even if the air close to the ground is not extremely cold. In summer, however, convective ancestries tend to thwart dynamic subsidence and lower the pressure.''

It is easy to assume that any truly intense midwinter anticyclone must be an offshoot of an intense ‘Siberian High’ ridging westwards; however, as these accounts show, the majority are more normally ‘Atlantic’ in origin...."in this summary, only the systems in January 1882, January 1907,January 1932 and January 1992 were of thistype. The remaining events developed over the Atlantic as travelling anticyclonesbetween intense depressions (January 1896,January 1957, February 1964) or more locally in the wake of a depression plungingsouth-eastwards across the North Sea (January 1902, December 1926). The systemin January 1905 was a hybrid, in thatalthough it presented as a ‘Continental’ anticyclone,the original high pressure system was of Atlantic origin.

'''The highest air pressure is achieved in the winter of areas far from the sea. Here cooler ground of without Sun's warming rays, whereby the air takes up less space. Further up in the atmosphere, the space filled by the inflowing air, whereby the total weight of the air above the area becomes higher.'''-http://illvid.dk/fysik/hvad-er-rekorderne-for-lufttryk

relationship between intense lows and highs... national records for Norway and Denmark in same winter, 2016 October high preceded by 2nd lowest September low in Sweden etc... '''the development of a series of intense depressions can lead to the rapid intensification of travelling anticyclones, and where both are embedded in a mobile flow rapid changes in atmospheric pressure can result as the systems pass over a point on the surface. Accounts of notable ranges in barometric pressure are harder to come by, but the following serve as examples: ● In January 1902, Aberdeen Observatory recorded a rise of almost 70 mbar in 88 hours, from 984.8 mbar at 0500 and 0600 GMT on 28 January to the British Isles highest of 1053.6 mbar at 2200 GMT on 31 January; ● In February 1938 Deerness, Orkney recorded 948.0 mbar on 1st followed by 1037.1 mbar on 19th, a range of 89.1 mbar within three weeks; ● In May 1943, Dublin recorded 971.0 mbar on 8 May followed by 1042.2 mbar on 16th, a rise of 71 mbar in eight days; ● In early 1962, Lerwick (Shetland) recorded 954.7 mbar on 11 January followed less than six weeks later by 1049.1 mbar on 23 February, a range of 94.4 mbar; ● In late January 1989, the barometric pressure reached 1045 mbar widely across southern England: on 25 February the pressure fell below 949 mbar at Portland, Dorset (see Part 1 for details), a range of 96 mbar in less than four weeks; ● In November–December 2005, the barometric pressure in parts of southwest England fell from 1038 mbar on 22 November to 964 mbar on 2 December before recovering to 1041 mbar on 11 December – a fall of 74 mbar in 10 days followed by a rise of 77 mbar in 9 days'''

Fox 1905. long noted high pressure follows 3 week period...etc

Lows '''Intense synoptic events are usually foreshadowed by large abnormalities in the general circulation for periods of a month or  more  beforehand. In other words, it  would  seem  that  these  large  scale anomalous  circulation  patterns  have  predisposed  the  atmosphere  to  favour  singular events. This alteration can usually be seen in the midtropospheric  flow patterns,  their sea-level counterparts,and  the  associated  anomalous  sea  surface  temperature  (SST)patterns. The mean  flow  patterns   are   statistical  ensembles   that  indicate  sizeable departures   from  normal  in  the  prevailing  character  and  intensity  of  anomalies  of temperature,   static   stability,   moisture,   and   other   properties.''' Sanders and Gyakum in their formula for bomb cyclones note latitude is impt factor in deepening, noting that an equivalent intensification is dependent on latitude: at the poles this would be a drop in pressure of 28 mb/24 hours, while at 25 degrees latitude it would be only 12 mb/24 hours. All these rates qualify for what Sanders and Gyakum called "1 bergeron".

'''Cold winter anticyclones are those typically generate the greatest high surface pressures. The cold, heavy air stagnates at low levels. The absence of winds at these levels favors no exchange of air masses and displacement of the anticyclone. The powerful dorsal/back/ridge still maintaining the high pressure system in lower layers can be secured at different levels and extended to higher levels, say 500 to 300 hPa. All this generates widespread subsidence manifested in the form of sinking air at different levels. Subsidence eliminates any trace of clouds that prevent heat retention in lower layers, which together with the long, clear nights, generate a cooling of the Earth's surface had increased its clouds. There's a reason our old record was also set in December as it usually takes a cold, arctic air mass to make for our higher pressure readings -- the summer time heat ridges never get this close because warm air is less dense.'''

Over an average winter season the North Atlantic sees only one or two cases of storms developing below 950mb pressure. it is rare for pressure to rise above 1050 mb or fall below 950 mb.-http://www.metoffice.gov.uk/media/pdf/a/t/No._11_-_Weather_Charts.pdf

somewhat in the same fashion that low pressure systems sometime ‘bomb out’ along the Eastern Seaboard of the United States (and Northern Atlantic) after entraining, in their case, Gulf Stream moisture and Canadian cold, dry air.

North Atlantic oscillation

'''We observed that the Atlantic produced deeper HF cyclones (pressure wise) than the Pacific. We surmise that this is due to the higher baroclinicity (stronger temperature gradients) of the Atlantic compared to the Pacific. We also found that the Atlantic can produce weaker (pressure wise) HF storms than the Pacific. These are assumed to be due to the orographic influences of Greenland.'''-http://www.vos.noaa.gov/MWL/april_05/cyclones.shtml

'''there is a distinct seasonal cycle in atmospheric pressure in Iceland, with winter minima: the month with the lowest mean pressure was January at 998.7 hPa; the highest was May at 1013.2 hPa. There are coherent semi-decadaloscillations in pressure, as indicated by running means (Figure 3). Similarly, the variance changes with timeon a semi-decadal basis (Figure 3). Spectral analysis shows no single dominant peak, but the 12 year peak is suggestive of solar activity, which is known to have an 11 year period, and is suggested in an 11.6 year period found in the GRIP ice core in Greenland (Johnsenet al., 1997) (Figure 4).''' lagged solar response Europe and Nth Atl.

http://www.ijmet.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/09/213.pdf Role of the Stratosphere in Explosive Deepening of Extratropical Cyclones

North Atlantic Oscillation scientists say in 150 years, 3/5 all time atmospheric pressure highs & 2/5 record lows occurred in last 10 years https://twitter.com/FranMcElhone/status/509960894433198081

This is also the reason why summer highs can never be so strong, because warm air is less dense than cold.https://www.wetteronline.de/wetternews/2017-02-08-he

low left high right.https://www.dwd.de/DE/wetter/thema_des_tages/2019/7/7.html

strong contrast, strong jet stream https://www.scientias.nl/luchtdruk-in-nederland-momenteel-bijzonder-hoog/

=Global record barometric pressure records=
 * Highest

The World Meteorological Organisation Globally... Siberian high The world record The highest accepted adjusted-to-sea-level barometric pressure ever recorded (below 750 meters) was at Agata, Evenhiyskiy, Russia (66°53’N, 93°28’E, elevation: 261 m (856.3 ft)) on 31 December 1968 of 1,083.3 hectopascals (hPa) (31.99 inHg).

Highest air pressure ever recorded (above 750 meters): 1084.8 hPa (32.03 inHg); Tosontsengel, Khövsgöl Province, Mongolia, 19 December 2001. This is the equivalent sea-level pressure; Tosontsengel is located at 1300 m above sea level. The discrimination is due to the problematic assumptions (assuming a standard lapse rate) associated with reduction of sea level from high elevations.

The normal high barometric pressure at the Dead Sea, as measured by a standard mercury manometer and blood gas analyzer, was found to be 799 mmHg (1065 hPa).


 * Lowest


 * Land-based measurement 1935_Labor_Day_hurricane 892 hPa also. Dr. Jeff Masters of Weather Underground estimated that Typhoon Haiyan 2013 may have had a central pressure of 888 mb (hPa; 26.23 inHg) when it struck Leyte.


 * The lowest non-tornadic atmospheric pressure ever measured was 870 hPa (25.69 inHg), set on 12 October 1979, during Typhoon Tip in the western Pacific Ocean. The measurement was based on an instrumental observation made from a reconnaissance aircraft.

Atlantic 882 millibars Hurricane Wilma.https://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/capital-weather-gang/wp/2015/10/19/ten-years-ago-hurricane-wilma-underwent-most-extreme-intensification-in-atlantic-history/

Typhoon_Maysak_(2015) estimated pressure of 905 mb from the JMA-http://www.met.reading.ac.uk/~brugge/world2015.html

ex Cyclone Nuri November_2014_Bering_Sea_cyclone 924 hpa since 1977.http://7city.org/main/142-cyclone-in-the-bering-sea-in-1977-broke-the-record.html

The lowest pressure: 850 mbar; recorded during a tornado at Manchester, South Dakota, United States, 2003-06-24

=Land-based observations in Europe=

Faroe Islands
21 February 1944 Faroe Islands 1053.0. Neue Methoden der Wetteranalyse und Wetterprognose Richard Scherhag Springer-Verlag, 9 Mar 2013 https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=8WSXBwAAQBAJ&lpg=PA125&ots=bTCFSSh-Lf&dq=luftdruck%20hoch%201882%20januar&pg=PA126#v=onepage&q=luftdruck%20hoch%201882%20januar&f=false

https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/hadobs/emslp/anselletal2006.pdf anseell et al 2006 10.1175/JCLI3775.1

wizzle.

Ireland
http://centaur.reading.ac.uk/92397/#:~:text=During%2028%2D29%20March%202020,0000%20UTC%20on%2029%20March.

United Kingdom and Ireland
For the United Kingdom, the Met Office record the record figures for barometric pressure (which are nominally since 1870) as: https://twitter.com/wanstead_meteo/status/1127520499393810432


 * Highest air pressure: 31 January 1902, Aberdeen Scotland 1053.6 hPa.


 * Lowest air pressure: 26 January 1884, Ochtertyre Scotland 925.6 hPa.

Though may be second to the Night of the big wind low which saw a value of 27.25 inHg at Sumburgh Head, Shetland on non-calibrated, non-standard equipment 6-7 January 1839, with the mainland at Cape Wrath reporting an observed pressure of 27.32 inHg.

United Kingdom monthly maximum figures for barometric pressure
(† note the value of 1054.7 reported in some literature is an incorrect conversion. )

19 September 1986, Shawbury Shropshire 1041.2 hPa. UK value 1038.9 12 May 2012? Heathrow Airport. 15 June 1874, Scotland >1040

United Kingdom list of barometric pressure over 1050 hPa
In the period of instrumental measurement the barometric pressure has exceeded 1048 hPa somewhere over the United Kingdom and Ireland on 17 occasions. On 9 of these times the pressure has exceeded 1050 hPa- a value which has not been exceeded since 1957 in Ireland, but has not been surpassed since 26 January 1932 over the UK. Intense high pressure is usually seen during midwinter with 7 of the 9 occasions where 1050 hPa has been exceeded occurring in January.

Pressure values have been recorded to have exceeded 1050 hPa in all areas of the UK and Ireland except south east England, though values close to this are documented from January 1882 and January 1905.

United Kingdom monthly minimum figures for barometric pressure
Corroborative evidence is afforded by the (MSL) readings of 927.2 mbar at Aberdeen at 2330h, 927.3 mbar at Dundee at 2230h, 927.4 mbar at Culloden, near Inverness, at 2300h, 927.5 mbar at Oban at 2100h, 928.8 mbar at Glasgow and 929.6 mbar in Edinburgh. Contemporary sources agree that these were the lowest pressures recorded in Scotland for at least the previous 120 years.-http://www.uktrail.com/colchat/viewtopic.php?f=7&t=913


 * Cyclone Oratia estimated at 941 in peer reviewed, reananlysis of 948.0 in XWS catalogue.-http://www.europeanwindstorms.org/cgi-bin/storms/storms.cgi?storm1=Oratia_Tora though lowest pressure between Aberdeen and Norway at ref ... not a land-based observation, but an estimate of central low. Lowest UK pressure RAF Fylingdales at 951.2 hPa.

7 September 1995, Scilly Isles, 966 hPa. Lowest minimum recorded values for the months May to August within 0.5 of 968 hPa. 17 September 1935

20th Century low pressure record in the UK 20 December 1982: at Sule Skerry it may have dropped as low as 936 mbar on this occasion. I wrote this event up in Weather (Burt SD. 1983. New UK 20th century low pressure extreme. Weather, 38: 208–213, and Burt SD. 1983.-http://www.uktrail.com/colchat/viewtopic.php?f=7&t=913

United Kingdom list of barometric pressure below 950 hPa

 * 1821 December 25, London 27.93 inHg.
 * 1839 January 7, Night of the big wind, pressure below 28 inHg at Inchkeith, Peterhead and Aberdeen.
 * 1865 December 31, Butt of Lewis Lighthouse 27.69 inHg, with a report of 27.63 inHg from Hoy which is not supported by observation from Cantick head lighthouse on South Walls.
 * 1884 Ochtertyre


 * 2013 Cyclone Dirk

Home nation records
Based on Burt 2007

Scotland
Same as UK national records.
 * Highest: 31 January 1902, Aberdeen Observatory 1053.6 hPa.
 * Lowest: 26 January 1884, Ochtertyre Scotland 925.6 hPa.

Northern Ireland

 * Highest: 2020
 * Lowest: 8 December 1886, in Belfast 927.2 hPa.(A reading of 922.5 mbar (corrected to MSL) was reported from Omagh in Co. Tyrone...Harding (1887, p 211) the graduation and calibration of the barometer concerned were not considered satisfactory enough “to quote the reading as trustworthy”, storm minimum over the north of Ireland was thought to be close to 924 mbar.)

Wales

 * Highest: 27 Jan 1992, Sennybridge Powys 1049.2 hPa.
 * Lowest: 22 November 1865, Dolgellau, North Wales 944.8 hpa.

Alt 1992, Trawsgoed, Wales 1050.0 hPa.

England

 * Highest: 28 January 1905, Falmouth, Cornwall 1053.1 hPa. 31.097 inHghttp://www.metoffice.gov.uk/binaries/content/assets/mohippo/pdf/0/3/jan1905.pdf
 * Lowest: 8 December 1886, Stonyhurst in Lancashire, where the barometer fell to 940.4 hPa.

-alt North Shields 26th January 1884 27.63" (936mb) https://www.netweather.tv/forum/topic/48934-the-lowest-pressure-reading-recorded-in-the-uk/

25 December 1821, "North London" 945.8 hPa.

Norway
Yr.no the joint venture between the Norwegian Broadcasting Corporation and the Norwegian Meteorological Institute give the national pressure records as:
 * Highest air pressure: 23 January 1907, Dalen, Telemark 1 061.3 hPa.
 * Lowest air pressure: 27 January 1907, Bergen 936 hPa.

Both records in same winter as each other and those of Denmark.
 * 15 February 1989 937.1 hPa http://www.synoptische-meteorologie.de/extras/wetterrekorde-europa/wetterrekorde-nordeuropa/
 * >1050 Norway 8 February 2012-http://www.met.fu-berlin.de/de/wetter/maps/Analyse_20120208.gif

1054.5 hPa Blindern 18 November 1985, 1051.6 hPa Oslo 4 Feb 1991, 1055.6 hPa Hansmoen, Tynset 30 January 2012.

1054.3 Otta 309 m a s l

The highest pressure measured at Oslo whatever month is 1054.5 hectopascal 18th November 1985.!?!?!??!? The highest pressure measured at rekordhoyt-trykk-i-europa-1.7980968

--Jan--
 * 1056.1 hPa 9 Jan 2010 Drevsjø i Engerdal http://www.verogvind.net/readmore.asp?readmoreid=2383
 * 1055 11 hPa Jan 1987 Bråtå mslp 705m alt.

--Feb--
 * http://www.verogvind.net/readmore.asp?readmoreid=3457

Minimum
10 February 2020, Solvær III, Lurøy Nordland 942.5 hPa. Yr.no values for date Sklinna_Lighthouse 943.1 hPa http://twitter.com/Meteorologene/status/1227191836311203845

north norway https://www.itromso.no/meninger/2020/02/11/Rekordlett-luft-over-Troms%C3%B8-21060866.ece

Hartmut Feb 2018
26 February 2018, Šihččajávri Finmark 1055.6 hPa.https://twitter.com/Meteorologene/status/968138893768974338/photo/1?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw&ref_url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.yr.no%2F 27 February 2018, Harparanda Sweden 1055.8 hPa.https://www.smhi.se/bloggar/vaderleken-2-3336/summering-av-det-maktiga-hogtrycket-1.131682 (record 2012 Harparanda 1058)

Svalbard
http://svalbardposten.no/index.php?page=vis_nyhet&NyhetID=3340

The highest air pressure was measured at Karl XII island where it was registered 1054.7 hPa. It erases the previous record of 1051.9 hPa on 28 January 1929.http://www.adressa.no/vaeret/article7270389.ece http://www.aftenposten.no/norge/Malte-monster-hoytrykk-i-Arktis-124933b.html

28 January 1929 Spitzbergen 1054.2see Neue methoden below

gridded data 1971-2015 lowest 948 hpa highest -http://www.borenv.net/BER/pdfs/ber23/ber23-283-297.pdf

low of 958 in may -https://trj.blog.is/blog/trj/entry/2250017/

25 Jan 2022 938 hPa was measured last night on Kvitøya on Svalbard, the lowest pressure since the station started in 1986 Chart with downwards trend We have not registered such a low pressure before in this area! https://twitter.com/Meteorologene/status/1485915865635717120

Bjornoya
Bear_Island_(Norway) 20 March 2013 1050.1 hPa, previous record March 20 1969 1043.6 hPa see Greenland

Denmark
The Danish Meteorological Institute report record barometric pressure for the Denmark (since 1874) as:
 * Highest air pressure: 23 January 1907, Skagen 1062.5 hPa.
 * Lowest air pressure: 20 February 1907, Skagen 943.9 hPa.

Danish records both occurred within a month during the same winter, and same winter as Norwegian records.

September record was beaten on 29 September 2015 with pressure over 1042.2 hPa recorded in Østerbro Copenhagen, previous September record dated from September 18, 1904, where the pressure came up to 1038.8 hPa at Hammer Odde Lighthouse, Bornholm. Den gamle rekord i Thyborøn er fra den 21. september 1998, hvor lufttrykket nåede op på 1038,1 hPa. http://folkebladetlemvig.dk/lemvig/vejret-saetter-rekord-i-thyboroen

'''The records mentioned above are the conclusion of TV 2 VEJRET based on data from DMI's Technical Report No. 15-02. The records are based on measured air pressure values ​​at the stations mentioned. From 1874 to 1987, the air pressure was measured manually three times a day, whereas from 1987 onwards, it took place automatically first eight times a day and from around the millennium every hour.Before 1987, the air pressure was measured manually in Vestervig and then automatically in Thyborøn and also in Nordby on Fanø and then automatically in Esbjerg. However, the relatively large margins for the old records in comparison with the short distance between the measurement stations make - despite the fewer daily measurements previously - the records considered very likely.'''http://vejr.tv2.dk/2015-09-29-taarnhoejt-lufttryk-over-danmark-slaar-rekord

Denmark monthly minimum figures for atmospheric pressure
5 January 2012 lowest pressure in Denmark in 5 years 962.7 hPa på Anholt, lowest since 18 March 2007 nåede lufttrykket i Skagen ned på 958,6 hPa.

Sweden
The Swedish Meteorological and Hydrological Institute give the nation's barometric records as:


 * Highest air pressure: 23 January 1907 in Kalmar and Visby 1063.7 hPa.
 * Lowest air pressure: 6 December 1895 Härnösand 938.4 hPa.

Sweden monthly minimum figures for barometric pressure
13 March 1996 saw a high of 1050.5 recorded at Vilhelmina airport. March record Svartbyn-Overkalix 1971.

Sweden logged its highest pressure reading in 40 years on Sunday. The reading of 1057.0 hPa at Haparanda was the highest since 1059.9 hPa on 30th January 1972.

Also, Kalliojoki Kuhmo in eastern Finland recorded air pressure of 1062.0 hPa on Sunday

http://www.smhi.se/nyhetsarkiv/hoga-lufttryck-svenskt-februarirekord-1.19784 http://www.ukweatherworld.co.uk/forum/index.php?/topic/89180-pressure-watch-eastern-europe-27th-jan-onwards-10683-hpa-khoseda-khard-%E2%80%A2new-all-time-record%E2%80%A2/page__st__20

Sweden has only twice seen low pressure below 950 hPa both times in December, the all-time record and again following a similar track across mid-Sweden on 16 december 1982 at Sundsvall Airport at 940.1 hPa. Pressure fell to about 939 mbar over the Gulf of Bothnia (between Sweden and Finland) on the morning of 16 December 1982.

Sweden list of barometric pressure over 1060 hPa
Sweden has only ever recorded air pressure above 1060 hPa during the month of January 1907.

https://www.smhi.se/bloggar/vaderleken-2-3336/extremt-hogt-septemberlufttryck-vantas-nasta-vecka-1.125171 September record for Norrland 2017 https://twitter.com/forecasverige/status/912575031179403265


 * http://blogg.foreca.se/2017/09/hogtryck-pa-hosten-nytt-septemberrekord-i-hogtryck/
 * https://www.smhi.se/nyhetsarkiv/nytt-svenskt-lufttrycksrekord-for-september-1.125412
 * FUB Rosi

Finland
According to the Finnish Meteorological Institute:
 * Highest air pressure:22 January 1907, Helsinki 1066 hPa.
 * Lowest air pressure: 27 February 1990 Kuuskajaskari, Rauma 940 hPa.

Though reported low value by Weather Underground weather historian Christopher Burt on 1 March 1990 at unknown location at low of 939.7 hPa. -reanalysis http://www.wetterzentrale.de/pics/archive/ra/1990/Rrea00119900301.gif note Sweden February record is on 27 feb 1990 (Associated with the more northerly tracking of the two low centres of Vivian (storm).

Cooper/Dieter 29 January 2012, Suomussalmi Pesio in Finland at 1061.3 hPa -http://www.ukweatherworld.co.uk/forum/index.php?/topic/89180-pressure-watch-eastern-europe-27th-jan-onwards-10683-hpa-khoseda-khard-%E2%80%A2new-all-time-record%E2%80%A2/

1067.1 22 January 1907 Helsinki.https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=8WSXBwAAQBAJ&pg=PA125&lpg=PA125&dq=luftdruck+hoch+1882+januar&source=bl&ots=bTCFSSh-Lf&sig=c_iYq7vbXbJeHq7shW1h0t4akCk&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjZkMSV_LHOAhWFIsAKHZ20DMAQ6AEILzAC#v=onepage&q=luftdruck%20hoch%201882%20januar&f=false Neue Methoden der Wetteranalyse und Wetterprognose

Front Cover Richard Scherhag Springer-Verlag, 9 Mar 2013

Korkein ilmanpaine 1060 hPa 7.12.20

April low https://twitter.com/mikarantane/status/1511249062082793475

Baltics
Maximum pressure in Europe 22-23 January 1907 recorded in Pärnu, Estonia and Riga, Latvia at 1067.1 mbar. The Free University of Berlin state the European air pressure record is 23 January 1907 in Riga at 1068.7 hPa.

Estonia
As reported by the Estonian Weather Service
 * Highest air pressure: 23 January 1907, Tallinn 1060.3 hPa.‡
 * Lowest air pressure: 16 December 1982 Väike-Maarja 936.0 hPa.

‡The Estonian Weather Service report on their website the record maximum observed air pressure in the country as 1060.3 hPa recorded 23 January 1907 in Tallinn. This figure is not supported by NOAA reanalysis charts and the values reported from neighbouring Finland and Latvia probably make this figure an underestimation or error. A possible maximum pressure value for the whole of Europe is thought to have occurred during the 22-23 January 1907 high pressure event with a record set in Pärnu, Estonia and Riga, Latvia at 1067.1 mbar. Though this value is exceeded by the value on 23 January 1907 in Riga reported at 1068.7 hPa by the Free University of Berlin's student generated reports.

Latvia

 * Highest air pressure: 22—23? January 1907 Liepāja 1065.9 hPa‡
 * Lowest air pressure: 12 February 1962 Vidzeme Upland 932.9 hPa

http://www.meteolapa.lv/blogs/305/ciklons-un-anticiklons

recent high 790 mmHg 28-29 January 2012.https://www.apollo.lv/5898211/atmosferas-spiediens-augstakais-pedejo-tris-gadu-laika

probable ref for values... page 6 top. http://www.nauticalive.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/11/Meteorolog%CC%A7ija.pdf

Lithuania

 * Highest December 1889 Vilnius 1058.5 hPa
 * Lowest January 1931 Ukmergė and Dotnuva 951.6 hPa.

23 January 1907 1065.1 hPa.

Kaliningrad/Königsberg

 * Highest 23 January 1907 1064.7 hPa

European Russia

 * 3 January 2008, Kargopol Arkhangelsk Oblast 1063.5 named as "Evi" by FUB.-http://www.met.fu-berlin.de/de/wetter/maps/Analyse_20080103.gif
 * 30-31 January 1972, northwest Russia, south of Archangel (58°N, 44°E) 1064
 * 16 December 1997, western Russia (53°N, 32°E) 1059 (60 km north of Gomel Belarus).
 * 16 February 1956 centred over *16 february 1956, northern Urals 1070 hPa mentioned in student generated reports from FUB. 1067 hPa in another student report from FUB. Others give a figure for this high of 1065 mslp.- isobar of 1072 over Russia on Met Office Daily Weather Report 16 February 1956 centred about the town of Vorkuta, [[Komi Republic].
 * 17 February 1954 N Russia >1060. http://www.wetterzentrale.de/pics/archive/ra/1956/Rrea00119560216.gif claimed over 1070 hPa by Free University Berlin.
 * 7 January 1907, St Petersburg in January 1907, when the barometer's arrow was shown at 1,064 hPa (798 mm Hg), are unmatched.

... Источник: https://rueconomics.ru/277726-sinoptiki-peterburga-obyasnili-chem-vyzvano-anomalnoe-atmosfernoe-davlenie#from_copy

30- January 2012 "Dieter" 2012 1032 hPa!?! http://sputniknews.com/voiceofrussia/2012/01/30/64960457/

"Cooper" 29 January 2012, Repola Khoseda-Khard up to 1065.6 hPa mslp now ( 1053.1 hPa stattion reading ) -http://www.ukweatherworld.co.uk/forum/index.php?/topic/89180-pressure-watch-eastern-europe-27th-jan-onwards-10683-hpa-khoseda-khard-%E2%80%A2new-all-time-record%E2%80%A2/


 * "Thomas"10/12/2012-25/12/2012 >1060 hPa 14/12/12.http://www.met.fu-berlin.de/de/wetter/maps/Analyse_20121214.gif http://neven1.typepad.com/blog/2012/12/looking-for-winter-weirdness-3.html




 * Luisa" 17 March 2015 1054 hPa Yefimovsky http://www.wetteronline.de/wetterticker?postId=post_1615613


 * Low Pressure Moscow 720.8 mm Hg!?!!? 11 January 2015 720mm= 28.3464567 inches = 959.811024 hectopascals, in 1941 the pressure has dropped to the level of 721 mm Hg.

EMULATE data:
 * Archangelsk pressure over 1060 hPa 4 times, 21 Jan 1907, 30 Jan 1920, 17 Feb 1956 and 30 Jan 1972. for period 1870-2000.
 * St Petersburg pressure over 1060 on 3 occasions, 16 January 1869 1061.74 hPa, 21-22 January 1907 1063.81 hPa, and 13 December 1946 1060.18 hPa 1850-2000.
 * Moscow has recorded pressure over 1060 on 4 occasions between 1866-2000, on 16 Jan 1869 1060.06 hPa, 5 December 1869 1060.44 hPa, 14 December 1944 1062.25 hPa and 31 January 1972 1061.28 hPa.
 * http://latestnewsresource.com/da/news/v-moskve-zafiksirovali-rekordno-nizkoe-atmosfernoe-davlenie
 * Kazan >1060: 25 Feb 1898 1060.97, 27 Nov 1910 1062.99, 30 Jan 1920 1065.12, 4 Jan 1969 1061.38, 31 Jan 1972 1060.76.https://crudata.uea.ac.uk/projects/emulate/LANDSTATION_MSLP/CORRECTED/EMULATE_KAZAN_TS_DIURNAL_AD.AS 1855-31 Oct 1941 1 Jan 1951-2000

773.2 mmHghttp://tass.ru/obschestvo/1833627

"Peter the great" Oct 2016 http://www.dwd.de/DE/wetter/thema_des_tages/2016/10/30.html

Average atmospheric pressure map january and july russia maps https://geographyofrussia.com/atmosfernoe-davlenie-v-rossii/

Moscow records
In Moscow, according to the available series of instrumental observations, the lowest pressure value - 945.3 hPa (709 mm Hg) - was noted on November 25, 1973, and the highest - 1042.3 hPa (782 mm Hg) - December 14, 1944.

Moscow monthly
774.6 mm Hg of 1984https://it.sputniknews.com/mondo/201802145648961-russia-meteorologia-pressione-atmosferica/ ↑ ↓
 * August Moscow record 25 August 1944, 761 mmHg.https://www.msk.kp.ru/daily/26718/3744441/
 * September Moscow record 27 September 2017, 1022.6 hPa, previously 1973 27 September
 * November Moscow record unknown date November, 1034.6 hPa.
 * January 2016 a record low atmospheric pressure was recorded in Moscow. So, the morning of January 13 the pressure dropped to 721.7 mmHg, which is a record since 1946. https://tvrain.ru/news/davlenie-419107/
 * June 28 2019 728 mmHg.https://www.tellerreport.com/life/2019-06-28---in-moscow--recorded-a-record-low-pressure-.HJZCSBDQxB.html

St Petersburg monthly
↑
 * September St Petersburg record unknown date 1906 - 1041.2 hPa. On 26 September 2017 morning, atmospheric pressure in St. Petersburg reached 1042 hPa (782 mm Hg), exceeding the absolute September record for all the years of regular instrumental observations, which was noted in 1906 (1041.2 hPa).

Scherhag
Neue Methoden der Wetteranalyse und Wetterprognose Richard Scherhag Springer-Verlag, 9 Mar 2013 https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=8WSXBwAAQBAJ&lpg=PA125&ots=bTCFSSh-Lf&dq=luftdruck%20hoch%201882%20januar&pg=PA126#v=onepage&q=luftdruck%20hoch%201882%20januar&f=false
 * 23 Jan 1907 Riga 1068.6
 * 13 Dec 1944 Kazan 1068.0
 * 22 Jan 1907 Helsinki 1067.1
 * 15 January 1940 Myggbukta, Greenland 1064.8
 * 6 February 1895 Vardø, Norway 1059.1
 * 23 January 1907 Hamburg 1056.7
 * 9 January 1896 Fort William 1054.4
 * 28 January 1929 Spitzbergen 1054.2
 * 15 January 1892 Stykkisholmur 1053.8
 * 21 February 1944 Faroe Islands 1053.0
 * 16 January 1882 Hamburg 1048.8
 * 26 January 1932 Hamburg 1048.7
 * 26 January 1925 Hamburg 1046.7
 * 13 January 1929 Seydisfjordur 1046.7

Belarus
>1060 23 January 1907 -http://www.wetterzentrale.de/pics/archive/ra/1907/Rrea00119070123.gif

Belarus state hydrometeorological service, The Center of Hydrometeorology, Radioactive Contamination Control and Environmental Monitoring

Maximum air pressure at station level recorded October 28, 1987 in Bragin Brahin- 1033.9 hPa (777 mmHg) at a rate on this item 1005.5 hPa (756 mm Hg).

Maximum air pressure at station level recorded September 29, 1986 in Bragin - 1023.3 hPa (769 mm Hg) at a rate on this item 1002.7 hPa (754 mm Hg).

there was September 6, 1992 The absolute minimum air pressure at station level, in Novogrudok - 954.1 hPa (717 mmHg) at a rate of 982.6 hPa (739 mm Hg).

The absolute minimum air pressure at station level observed 21 October 1996 at the Polesskaya http://www.geographic.org/global_weather/belarus/poleskaya_015.html(52.3000 Longitude in decimal degrees: 26.7000 - 945.7 hPa (711 mm Hg).

Jersey

 * Highest air pressure: 29 January 1905, Jersey 1051.7 hPa.
 * Lowest air pressure: 25 February 1989, Jersey 953.8 hPa.

France
Météo-France figures from 1951-2012.
 * Highest air pressure: 3 March 1990, Pointe de Chémoulin, Saint-Nazaire Loire-Atlantique 1048.9 hPa.
 * Lowest air pressure: 25 February 1989, Cap de La Hague, Cherbourg 951.8 hPa.

"A titre de comparaison, on citera le record de pression au niveau de la mer mesuré en France : 948 hPa le 16 octobre 1987 à Ouessant"-http://www.annales.org/ri/2002/425/bessemoulin009-14.pdf though http://www.europeanwindstorms.org/cgi-bin/storms/storms.cgi?storm1=Great87 gives minimum ~956 from reanalysis.

though other figures are also listed which predate Météo-France's records.
 * Highest air pressure: 6 February 1821 Paris 1050 hPa.
 * Lowest air pressure: 25 December 1821 Boulogne sur mer 947.1 hPa.

29 January 1905, a powerful anticyclone covers all of Europe and the atmospheric pressure reached a record value of 1049.3 hPa in Paris.

local record high values Yörn 2016 http://www.keraunos.org/actualites/fil-infos/2016/decembre/anticyclone-decembre-2016-record-pression-france-stabilite-orages-deficit  http://www.meteo-express.com/actualite/28-12-16.html

On 28 January 1905 values of 31.04 inHg in Biarritz, and 31.01 inHg in Brest are listed in the Met Office Daily Weather Report.

http://visualiseur.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k3050z (search Renou)

Monthly min

 * October
 * *Possibly (very tentative) 15 October 1987, Brest 957 hPa. Ushant is claimed to have reported a pressure of 948 hPa on this date. Brest-Guipavas described as an absolute record for the station since 1945, 948 hPa.
 * *Possibly (very tentative) 15 October 1987, Brest 957 hPa. Ushant is claimed to have reported a pressure of 948 hPa on this date. Brest-Guipavas described as an absolute record for the station since 1945, 948 hPa.
 * *Possibly (very tentative) 15 October 1987, Brest 957 hPa. Ushant is claimed to have reported a pressure of 948 hPa on this date. Brest-Guipavas described as an absolute record for the station since 1945, 948 hPa.
 * *Possibly (very tentative) 15 October 1987, Brest 957 hPa. Ushant is claimed to have reported a pressure of 948 hPa on this date. Brest-Guipavas described as an absolute record for the station since 1945, 948 hPa.
 * *Possibly (very tentative) 15 October 1987, Brest 957 hPa. Ushant is claimed to have reported a pressure of 948 hPa on this date. Brest-Guipavas described as an absolute record for the station since 1945, 948 hPa.
 * *Possibly (very tentative) 15 October 1987, Brest 957 hPa. Ushant is claimed to have reported a pressure of 948 hPa on this date. Brest-Guipavas described as an absolute record for the station since 1945, 948 hPa.

October *Possibly 15 October 1987 Ouessant 948 hPa. Ushant 948, Brest 957 -http://tempetes.meteo.fr/spip.php?article129

980 -https://actu.fr/normandie/vire-normandie_14762/cette-nuit-l-oeil-de-la-tempete-alex-va-traverser-la-region-de-vire-normandie_36487546.html

December 25, 1991: 1044.8 hPa in Lille http://twitter.com/pablosanchez_tv/status/813699873300217856

https://www.infoclimat.fr/climatologie/normales-records/1981-2010/lille-lesquin/valeurs/07015.html

Corsica
https://twitter.com/GaetanHeymes/status/1056981881487609857 Pression minimale 979 hPa à Calvi record mensuel pour la Corse non loin du record absolu 975 hPa au Cap Corse en mars 2009.

Belgium
The Belgian Royal Meteorological Institute gives the national record values as:
 * Highest air pressure: 27 January 1932, Uccle 1048 hPa.

1882 date claim for 1048 max http://www.meteobelgie.be/klimatologie/artikels-en-dossiers/allerlei/1099-de-klimatologische-records.html

1048,2 hPa à Elsenborn 27 December 2016 https://www.facebook.com/geoclimat.org/posts/1294877337239718:0 Meteobelgique.com give lower Uccle value https://www.meteobelgique.be/article/releves-et-analyses/annee-2016/2183-resume-decembre-2016.html

Chievres https://twitter.com/ZdenekNejedly/status/1219157455415971841


 * Lowest air pressure: 25 February 1989, Blankenberge 954 hPa.

Netherlands
The Dutch Royal Netherlands Meteorological Institute lists the following as national records:
 * KNMI Highest air pressure: 26 January 1932, De Bilt, Utrecht 1050.0 hPa.

A value on 23 januari 1907 of 1053.0 hPa in Eelde is also given online.
 * KNMI Lowest air pressure: 27 November 1983, Eelde, Drenthe 954.2 hPa.http://www.knmi.nl/cms/content/28293/lage_luchtdrukrecords

On 26 January 1932 was in De Bilt measured a pressure of 1050.0 hPa, the highest pressure ever by KNMI measured. The air pressure was extremely high for several days: averaged over 48 hours was calculated in De Bilt 1048 hPa. On 23 January 1907, the air pressure in De Bilt rose to 1047.9 hPa and on 23 December 1962 1047.8 hPa was measured. The highest pressure values ​​are typically in the winter months is measured. In the summer barometers suggest rarely above 1035 hPa and also the daily pressure variations much smaller than in other seasons. In the fall, especially from mid-October, the air pressure can change from day to day and quickly be measured as a rule the lowest values. Thus, the air pressure in July in De Bilt never come higher than 1033 hPa and for August is the age record at 1034 hPa. The wintry pressure areas are known for their high pressure values. Especially above Siberia comes in the winter often pressure for more than 1050 hPa. On December 31, 1968 was in place Agata in Siberia (350 km southeast of Norilsk ) established a record of 1083.8 hPa. This is up to now still reduced the highest value up to sea level air pressure ever recorded in the world. Most home-garden and kitchen barometers indicate that value even once. The lowest air pressure ever by the KNMI is measured in De Bilt is 956.4 hPa on 26 February 1989. In Flushing was that day measured a pressure of 954.4 hPa, but the age record for the Netherlands amounts to 954.2 hPa, measured on November 27, 1983 in Eelde. The century record of the pressure on the British Isles is 936 hPa measured in the night of 19 on December 20 1982 in northwest Scotland. On 26 January 1884, the air pressure in Scotland was even lower, to 925.6 hPa.

'''Luchtdrukextremen: De laagste luchtdruk die ooit in De Bilt is gemeten bedraagt 956,4 hPa op 26 februari 1989. In Vlissingen werd die dag een luchtdruk gemeten van 954.4 hPa, maar het eeuwrecord voor ons land bedraagt 954.2 hPa, gemeten op 27 november 1983 in Eelde. Op 26 januari 1932 werd in De Bilt een luchtdruk gemeten van 1050,0 hPa, de hoogste druk ooit door het KNMI gemeten. De luchtdruk was toen enkele dagen achtereen extreem hoog: gemiddeld over 48 uur werd in De Bilt 1048 hPa berekend. Op 2 februari 1993 werd in De Bilt een barometerstand bereikt van 1042 hPa en gemiddeld over de eerste tien dagen (decade) van die maand bedroeg de luchtdruk in De Bilt 1036 hPa, een nieuw record voor deze periode. Het record voor november bedraagt 1044.2 hPa en voor december 1047.0 hPa.'''-http://www.meteolink.nl/weer-records-nederland-en-de-wereld/

High pressure record for March 2003 -http://www.knmi.nl/cms/content/16712/maart_2003_hoogste_luchtdruk_in_maart

http://weergegevens.nl/extremes_mon.aspx?station=9999999&extreem=X_PG&order=2&maand=12&country=3&iscomplete=True&include=True===Netherlands monthly maximum figures for atmospheric pressure===

Netherlands monthly minimum figures for atmospheric pressure

 * January Low pressure record for 23 january 2009 Hoek van Holland, 961.0 hPa.-http://www.knmi.nl/cms/content/7855/uitzonderlijk_lage_barometerstanden cyclone Klaus
 * May Low pressure record for 5 May 2000 De Bilt 983.5 hPa, which surpassed the previous record set on 13 May 1867 at 984,3 hPa.-http://www.knmi.nl/cms/content/11553/luchtdrukrecord_voor_mei_2000
 * 27 November 1983, Eelde, Drenthe 954.2 hPa

Schorse in Europe. 26 September 2018 -http://www.severe-weather.eu/mcd/a-record-breaking-high-pressure-system-across-central-europe-today-sept-26th/
 * https://twitter.com/JillPeetersWX/status/1044968940521377799
 * https://twitter.com/meteoSI/status/1044498114235772928
 * https://www.3bmeteo.com/giornale-meteo/meteo-europa---alta-pressione-da-record-anche-in-italia--tutti-i-dettagli-208553
 * https://www.facebook.com/ArsoVreme/posts/2156283591062371
 * https://www.facebook.com/geoclimat.org/photos/a.832272180166905/2016536188407159/?type=3&theater
 * https://twitter.com/i/status/1045347486683066369

Xerxes
 * https://twitter.com/EKMeteo/status/1052578232262946816

Germany
The German weather service (DWD) give the


 * Highest air pressure: 23 January 1907,Greifswald, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern 1060.8 hPa. http://www.dwd.de/bvbw/generator/DWDWWW/Content/Presse/Broschueren/Wetterrekorde__PDF,templateId=raw,property=publicationFile.pdf/Wetterrekorde_PDF.pdf
 * Lowest air pressure: 27 November 1983 in Emden, Lower Saxony at 954.4 hPa.

Other figures and locations are also presented as -https://wdnow.wordpress.com/2012/01/12/hochdruck-und-tiefdruck-lufdruckrekorde-in-deutschland/
 * 23 January 1907 Dahlem (Berlin) 1057.8 hPa. claimed this is an incorrect correction to mslp and correct value is 1056.7 hPa.-http://www.wzforum.de/forum2/read.php?7,1734185,1734847#msg-1734847

http://wetterkanal.kachelmannwetter.com/neue-luftdruckrekorde-durch-hoch-yoern/

Alternative values on the internet
 * 27 November 1983 Bremen 955.4 hPa. which is not lower than the DWD value.
 * 26 February 1989 in Osnabrück 949.5 hPa. http://wetterstation-geislingen.de/wetterrekorde.html 948.6


 * 16 January 1882 sw e germany >1050-http://meteolive.leonardo.it/meteoforum/post507864.html

Yörn 2016 -http://www.wetter.de/cms/der-satellitenfilm-vom-27-bis-29-dezember-hoch-yoern-macht-richtig-druck-4058432.html

German States

 * Baden-Württemberg
 * High: February 16 1959 Stuttgart-Echterdingen 1046.7 hPa. 15 February 1959 Konstanz 1048.1 hPa (check altitude). supported by 9am reading 1048.1 Konstanz -DWD Climate Data Center.
 * 1907 24 January, Friedrichshafen 780.5 mmHg


 * Bavaria
 * 1882
 * 1907 23 January Bamberg 782.8 mmHg. seewarte 24 Jan morning Munich 30.80 inHg UK Met DWP
 * 1959, 15 February Mühldorf 1050 at 9am -DWD Climate Data Center.
 * "Ekart" 21 January 2020 Oberstdorf 1050.0 hPa (806m altitude) 20 January 2020 Nuremburg 1047.9 hPa.
 * 18 February 2015 Straubing and Fürstenfeld, 1043.3 hPa.


 * 1976, 2 December 06:00 Würzburg (3 hourly readings) 969.6 hPa.-DWD CDC


 * Berlin
 * (since 1875)
 * Highest Berlin 23 January 1907 1056.6 hPa.
 * Lowest Berlin 26 February 1989 965.2 hPa.
 * Berlin min max http://www.met.fu-berlin.de/~manfred/extrema.htm#luftdruck
 * https://docs.google.com/viewer?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.met.fu-berlin.de%2F~manfred%2FDruckextreme.xls
 * Berlin area https://docs.google.com/viewer?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.met.fu-berlin.de%2F~manfred%2FDruckextreme.xls


 * Berlin Tempelhof 23 December 1963 1049.6 (21:00 reading, every 3 hrs).-DWD CDC


 * Brandenburg
 * 1907, 22 January 1907 Potsdam 1049.42 -CRU Emulate data.
 * 1991, 10 December 1991 Potsdam 1048.08 -CRU Emulate data.
 * 1989, 26 Feb 14:00 UTC Potsdam 963.9 hPa.-DWD CDC


 * Bremen
 * 1907
 * 16 Feb 2008 Bremerhaven 1048.
 * 1983, 27 November Bremen 955.4 hPa 14:00 hrs. DWD cdc


 * Hamburg
 * 1907, 23 January Hamburg 791.9 mmHg 08:00 morning reading Deutsche Seewarte. 23 January 1907 Hamburg 1056.7.Neue Methoden der Wetteranalyse und Wetterprognose Richard Scherhag Springer-Verlag, 9 Mar 2013 https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=8WSXBwAAQBAJ&lpg=PA125&ots=bTCFSSh-Lf&dq=luftdruck%20hoch%201882%20januar&pg=PA126#v=onepage&q=luftdruck%20hoch%201882%20januar&f=false
 * 1047,7 hPa am 16.02.2008


 * 25 December 1821 Hamburg 956.4 hPa.


 * Hesse
 * 15 February 1959 Frankfurt Airport 1048.0 hPa.


 * Lower Saxony
 * Highest 23 January 1907...Deutsche Seewarte 23 Jan 1907 8:00 am reading at Cuxhaven 791.1 mmHg.
 * Lowest: 27 November 1983 in Emden, Lower Saxony at 954.4 hPa.

Arkona value and Seewarte value 8 am 23 January Wustrow 794.4 mmHg.
 * Mecklenburg-Vorpommern
 * 23 January 1907,Greifswald, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern 1060.8 hPa
 * 1991, December 10 Goldberg 1049.0 hPa.DWD CDC
 * 1997, December 16 Ueckermünde 1043.8 hPa.DWD CDC

ologne-Bonn the record should be 1049.7 hPa from February 1959...
 * North Rhine-Westphalia
 * ~probably Feb 1959, the over 60 year old record Essen 1047.8
 * 17 February 1959 Aachen 1045.6 hPa.https://wetterkanal.kachelmannwetter.com/luftdruck-im-bereich-der-rekordwerte/ 1932?
 * 20 January 2020 Cologne Bonn Airport 1049.4 hPa.
 * 1907, 23 Jan 8 am reading Aachen 785.0 mmHg.-seewarte


 * 1983, 27 November 14:00 and 15:00 UTC Bad Salzuflen 963.2 hPa.-DWD CDC
 * 2009, 23 January 14:00 UTC Kalkar 963.7 hPa.-DWD CDC
 * 1990, 28 February 20:00 UTC Essen-Bredeney 964.8 hPa.-DWD CDC


 * Rhineland Palatinate
 * Yörn or February 15, 1959 Trier-Petrisberg, 1047.4 hPa.


 * Saarland
 * 15 February 1959 Saarbrücken Airport 1047.4 hPa. Supported by 09:00 reading DWD CDC.


 * Saxony
 * 1907 23 January Dresden 791.1 mmHg
 * 2020, 20 January Plauen 1048.5 hPa 20:00 hrs DWD Climate Data Center


 * Saxony-Anhalt
 * 1907 23 January Magdeburg 790.8 mmHg seewarte


 * Schleswig-Holstein
 * 1907, 23 January 8am Keitum (Sylt) 792.8 mmHg.-seewarte


 * Thuringia
 * 1907 CRU Emulate data 23 January 1907 Jena 1048.44
 * 1881 CRU Emulate data 16 January 1881 Jena 1047.1
 * CRU Emulate give readings ~1046 in location 11/11/1859, 17/1/1882, 27/1/1932, 23/12/1963, and a reading 11/5/1992 (which might be a mistake (though values above 1040 in preceding week, though doesn't fit numbers either side or have support from reanalysis charts)).

CRU low Jena
 * 1) 26 Feb 1989 969.32
 * 2) 2 Dec 1976 972.58
 * 3) 25 Feb 1989 975.37
 * 4) 27 Nov 1983 975.39
 * 5) 20 Jan 1873 977.30

-CDC DWD lowest during Joachim as being 963.8 minima in Brunswick and Lugde-Paenbruch
 * 16 December 2011 Jena 972 hPa (storm Joachim) since 1999. https://www.jenaer-nachrichten.de/stadtleben/12537-das-wetter-eah-jena-misst-rekordhoch http://wetter.mb.eah-jena.de/station/index.html


 * 1976 December 2 972.58 Emulate data

Switzerland

 * QFE P at location, QNH mean SLP, QFF mean SLP + temp.


 * A high pressure from MeteoSwiss: 16 January 1882 at Zürichberg 1047 hPa.

Other high pressures in Switzerland are given as 29 January 1989 Schaffhausen 1047.2 hPa, which was the highest pressure in the country since the 1950s, when values on 15 February 1959 at Kloten 1047.1 hPa. A high value of 1050.2 hPa at Bern on 17 January 1882 is proposed as having occurred (on an internet forum).

15 February 1959 unknown location 1045 hPa. Other high values are given as http://www.meteosuisse.admin.ch/home/actualite/meteosuisse-blog.subpage.html/fr/data/blogs/2016/12/une-pression-atmospherique-record--.html
 * -http://www.meteoschweiz.admin.ch/home/aktuell/meteoschweiz-blog.subpage.html/de/data/blogs/2015/4/april-mit-hochdruck-rekord.html


 * 27–28 December 2016 record value at astation since 1949, (not MSLP value) http://www.meteoschweiz.admin.ch/home/aktuell/meteoschweiz-blog.subpage.html/de/data/blogs/2016/12/luftdruck-in-zuerich-in-rekordhoehe.html http://www.meteosvizzera.admin.ch/home/attualita/meteosvizzera-blog.subpage.html/it/data/blogs/2016/12/pressione-alle-stelle.html

Yörn http://wetter.li/de/News/N5678/Dezember-2016_-Ein-Monat-voller-Rekorden%21 unreduced http://wetter.li/de/News/N5675/Rekordhoch-Y%C3%B6rn-beschert-uns-extremen-Luftdruck%21 http://meteonews.ch/de/News/N5675/Rekordhoch-Y%C3%B6rn-beschert-uns-extremen-Luftdruck! http://www.srf.ch/meteo/meteo-news/dezember-2016-rekorde-bei-sonnenschein-und-trockenheit http://www.tagesanzeiger.ch/wissen/natur/Hoch-Yoern-bringt-Luftdruck-wie-seit-Jahren-nicht-mehr/story/19192335 http://wetterkanal.kachelmannwetter.com/neue-luftdruckrekorde-durch-hoch-yoern/

Switzerland monthly minimum figures for barometric pressure
7 April 2015, Zürich-Fluntern a new record for April since 55 years was measured with a station pressure of 968.2 hPa (1036.5 hPa reduced to mean sea level). https://www.facebook.com/meteocentrale.ch/posts/1349469565087884


 * A low pressure (from internet forums): 26 February 1989 Basel 968 hPa.

http://www.meteoschweiz.admin.ch/home/suche.subpage.html/de/data/blogs/2015/1/extrem-tiefer-luftdruck.html?query=rekorde+hoch+luftdruck

Bern highest pressure since measurement began a new all-time record was registered at the station with 976.1 hPa (equivalent to sea level 1045.7 hPa) Thus the record value of 4 March 1990 was exceeded by 0.1 hPa.

http://www.prevision-meteo.ch/climat/mensuel/bischofszell/2016 469 alt 1048.3 hPa.

Liechtenstein
A private weather station in Balzers, southwest Liechtensterin reported on 28 December 2016 a value of 1046.4 hPa under the high named Yörn.

Austria

 * Deutsche Seewart weather summary gives a value on the morning of 24 January 1907 in Vienna as 790.7 mmHg.
 * A high pressure on 16 January 1882 northern Austria >1050-http://meteolive.leonardo.it/meteoforum/post507864.html, 16 January 1882 Vienna 1050.5 hPa, the highest there since 1775.
 * 21 January 2020 Imst 1050.7 hPa.https://wetter.tv/de/a/extrem-hoher-luftdruck 2020 Austia state high values https://www.heute.at/s/wetter-in-osterreich-luftdruck-ist-derzeit-extrem-hoch-50283730#:~:text=Wo%20genau%20ist%20der%20Luftdruck,3%20hPa%20in%20Reutte%20gemessen


 * A low pressure could possibly be 2 or 3 Dec 1976 (Based on HU and CZ records) <970 hPa.

746.2 mmHg klagenfurt-http://www.zobodat.at/pdf/Car-I_72_0074-0076.pdf

Poland

 * In Poland the record high pressure is listed on 16 December 1997 with 1054.4 hPa recorded in Suwalki.

It is likely 23 January 1907 saw a pressure of 1064.8 ± 0.5 mbar over polish territory. Other high pressures are reported as 1051.1 hPa January 22, 2006, 1050 hPa January 3, 1993 and 1048 hPa 10 December 1991.


 * The lowest post WWII value of 965.2 hPa is reported from February 26, 1989 in Szczecin and Lodz.

Reanalysis data show a low record likely occurred on 17 January 1931 when a below 960 hPa low moved over the Baltic skirting the very north of today's Polish territory.

Czech Republic
A pressure value above >1050 hPa is also proposed on internet forums on 16 January 1882.
 * 23 January 1907 Brno 1050,3 hPa.
 * Lowest (26?) February 1989 Čáslav 967 hPa appeared in press citing a Czech Hydrometeorological Institute employee.

Alternate low records are cited on the internet: 26 February 1989 at Mariánské Lázně 967,3 hPa, also 2 December 1976 Hradec Králové 970.1 hPa.

since 1950 above 1046 in 1959, 1991, 2006, 2019.https://www.in-pocasi.cz/clanky/vyznacne/vyse-evropa-19.1.2020/

Slovakia

 * Highest air pressure according to a social media post of Slovakian Hydrometeorological Institute: 24 January 1907 Hurbanovo 1055.4 hPa.

>absolute record fell in 1907, when the air pressure in our territory was around 1055 hPa.-https://www.topky.sk/cl/10/1854365/Na-Slovensko-sa-vali-rekordne-vysoky-tlak--Varovanie--Toto-nam-hrozi
 * Czech met soc estimate pressure in Slovakia 1907 ~1060 hPa.
 * Lowest air pressure: unknown, possibly 2 or 3 December 1976 (based on CZ and HU records) <970 hPa.-http://www.wetterzentrale.de/pics/archive/ra/1976/Rrea00119761203.gif


 * http://www.shmu.sk/sk/?page=2049&id=587

Hungary
The Hungarian Meteorological Service (OMSZ) gives the following values:
 * Highest air pressure: 24 January 1907 Budapest 1055.9 hPa.
 * Lowest air pressure: 2 December 1976 Nagykanizsa 968.6 hPa.

Slovenia
The Slovenian Environment Agency tweeted that pressure on 20 January 2020 reached 1048 hPa, slightly below the values seen on January 24 1907 and 24 December 1963.


 * A high pressure: 30 January 1989 Ljubljana and Novo Mesto, 1047 hPa.

During this high pressure Maribor Airport and Murska Sobota saw a peak of 1046 hPa, in Nova Gorica 1040 hPa and 1039 hPa in Portoroz.


 * A low pressure: 30 January 2015, in the middle of the day, the air pressure in our unusually low, the conversion value at sea level will amount to only about 970 hPa (ie. Mbar), which will be among the lowest levels in decades.

Nad osrednjo in jugovzhodno Evropo se je zadrževal izjemno močan anticiklon, v Sloveniji so bile izmerjene rekordno visoke vrednosti zračnega tlaka. Ob 7. uri zjutraj je tlak, preračunan na morski nivo, v Murski Soboti znašal 1052 hPa, v Mariboru 1051 hPa, v Novem mestu 1050 hPa in v Ljubljani 1049 hPa.

attributed to ARSO 24 December 1963, An extremely strong anticyclone hovered over Central and South-Eastern Europe, and record high air pressure values were measured in Slovenia. At 7 o'clock in the morning, the pressure, calculated at sea level, was 1052 hPa in Murska Sobota, 1051 hPa in Maribor, 1050 hPa in Novo mesto and 1049 hPa in Ljubljana. https://www.slovreme.net/preteklost.asp?l=2016&m=12&d=24 http://mbizilj.blogspot.com/2012/12/zanimivi-vremenski-dogodki-24-decembra.html https://twitter.com/vremenolovec/status/1219324734678192129/photo/1

1048 hPa 5 January 1993-https://web.archive.org/web/20160204103519/http://meteo.arso.gov.si/uploads/app/text.html?/uploads/probase/www/climate/text/sl/onThisDay.html

Croatia

 * Highest air pressure: January 1907 Gradec, Zagreb 1049 hPa.

(provisionally) 20 January 2020 Maksimir, Zagreb 1047.8 hPa.
 * Previously 17 February 2008, 1047.0 hPa.

CRU Emulate data Zagreb 1862-2000 https://crudata.uea.ac.uk/projects/emulate/LANDSTATION_MSLP/CORRECTED/EMULATE_ZAGREB_TS_DIURNAL_A.ASC 1050.99 24 January 1907 1047.50 15 Jan 1882 1045.75 13 Feb 1959

Romania
Deutsche Seewarte give an evening reading on 24 January 1907 Sibiu (Hermannstadt) 791.1 mmHg.

Serbia
Deutsche Seewarte give an evening reading on 24 January 1907 Belgrade of 791.2 mmHg.

Ukraine
Kiev CRU Emulate 1907    1    23   1057.78  1907     1    24   1056.48

Italy

 * A high pressure: 16 January 1882, Turin 1049.3 hPa.-http://datimeteoasti.it/landamento-del-clima-a-torino-dal-settecento-a-oggi/


 * A low pressure: 2 December 1976, Turin 971.7 hPa. -http://datimeteoasti.it/landamento-del-clima-a-torino-dal-settecento-a-oggi/

17 February 2008, 1043.7 hPa -http://www.mirandolameteo.it/recordstorici.html Pressione atmosferica massima 1042.6mb at Rome on 16th.https://www.netweather.tv/forum/topic/67928-high-pressure-dominated-middle-of-january-1882/ Trieste 1046. 16 jan 1882 and similar 17 feb 2008 1046-http://www.umfvg.org/drupal/node/203

Emulate data 16 January 1882 and 24 January 1907 in Milan both at 1046.7 hPa.-https://crudata.uea.ac.uk/projects/emulate/LANDSTATION_MSLP/CORRECTED/EMULATE_MILAN_TS_DIURNAL_AD.ASC Emulate dirunal value Padua 1046.56 24 January 1907

1882 gazeta ufficiale del regno d'italia. 16 feb, https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=Y5BQAAAAYAAJ&lpg=PA1084&ots=YgNmDI589g&dq=alta%20pressione%20italiano&pg=PA740#v=onepage&q=alta%20pressione%20italiano&f=false 17 feb, https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=Y5BQAAAAYAAJ&lpg=PA756&ots=YgNmDI6aej&dq=pressione%20febbraio%201882&pg=PA756#v=onepage&q=pressione%20febbraio%201882&f=false 20 feb, https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=Y5BQAAAAYAAJ&lpg=PA1084&ots=YgNmDI589g&dq=alta%20pressione%20italiano&pg=PA796#v=onepage&q=alta%20pressione%20italiano&f=false

Turin http://datimeteoasti.it/landamento-del-clima-a-torino-dal-settecento-a-oggi/ The minimum atmospheric pressure: 971.7 hPa (December 2nd, 1976) [ card 500 hPa, paper 850 hPa ] The maximum atmospheric pressure: 1049.3 hPa (16 January 1882) [ card 500 hPa , paper 850 hPa ] "Il clima di Torino", published in 2008 Gennaro di Napoli and Luca Mercalli

~January 21 2020~
 * Concordia Sagittaria, Veneto 1048 hPa.
 * Bolzano, South Tyrol, 1048 hPa.

RIVISTA AGRARIA METEOROLOGICA DELL' ANNO 1882 https://www.jstor.org/stable/45248215?read-now=1&refreqid=excelsior%3A4eb8170cd3c7e29b29c3aff8006e6032&seq=7#page_scan_tab_contents

Italy monthly maximum figure for atmospheric pressure

 * September 2018 -http://forum.meteo4.com/showthread.php?25315-26-settembre-2018-PRESSIONE-RECORD!!!

Italy list of atmospheric pressure below 980 hPa (incomplete)
Pressure below 980 hPa recorded only 7 times in Italy peninsular from the late eighteenth century to the present (always in central north). Never less than 970 hPa.


 * 19 March 1797, Turin 976.9 hPa
 * 20 October 1825, Turin 979.7 hPa
 * 23 February 1879, Turin 979.3 hPa
 * 23 January 1897, Turin 978.0 hPa
 * 2 December 1976 Turin 971.7 hPa
 * 26 February 1989 Turin 972.1 hPa

to which can be added Pressione atmosferica piu' bassa: 975.2 hPa il 5 Marzo 2009-http://www.mirandolameteo.it/recordstorici.html
 * 5 March 2009, it's down to 978 hPa (provisional value not yet validated, and referred to the area of ​​Turin Caselle).


 * December 1999 Cavallino Treporti, Veneto 976.5 hPa.
 * March 2006 Cavallino Treporti, Veneto 976 hPa.
 * 30 January 2015 Asiago and Malo, Veneto 974 hPa.

investigate 29 January 2015 968hPa

Iberia
>1050 along north coast of Spain in January 1905 31.0 inHg.

Spain

 * A provisional highest atmospheric pressure: 9 January 2015 Castile and León ~1050 hPa. Benavente, Zamora reached 1050.6 hPa breaking the previous record from 10 December 1980 at L'Estartit north eastern Spain at 1045 hPa.

1905 DWR additions 30 January Corunna 30.92 inHg.https://digital.nmla.metoffice.gov.uk/IO_04af3c6b-d669-465f-b7f5-e701579a24f2/
 * http://www.cazatormentas.net/el-anticiclonazo-puede-batir-registros-historicos-de-presion-atmosferica/

On 29 January 1905 Instituto Central Meteorológico report in Santander an evening reading of 788.5 mmHg.


 * A low air pressure: February 1941, Santander 950 hPa.

Balearic islands

 * Highest air pressure: 9 January 2015, Ibiza Airport 1041.1 hPa. The 9 January 2015 air pressure was 0.3 hPa more than the previous record from January 1983.

Gibraltar
From CRU Emulate dataset 1850-2002 1903 feb 21 1038.68 hPa, 1983 jan 26 1038.47 hPa (1039.6 https://weatherspark.com/h/d/147711/1983/1/26/Historical-Weather-on-Wednesday-January-26-1983-at-Gibraltar-International-Airport-Gibraltar#Figures-Pressure 9 January 2015 30.775 inhg ~1042 hPa https://weatherspark.com/h/d/147711/2015/1/9/Historical-Weather-on-Friday-January-9-2015-at-Gibraltar-International-Airport-Gibraltar#Figures-Pressure),

1851 June 2 986.74 hPa.

10 February 1979 28.94 inHg.https://weatherspark.com/h/d/147711/1979/2/10/Historical-Weather-on-Saturday-February-10-1979-at-Gibraltar-International-Airport-Gibraltar#Figures-Pressure
 * 8 Nov 2014 29.09 inHg.https://weatherspark.com/h/d/147711/2014/11/28/Historical-Weather-on-Friday-November-28-2014-at-Gibraltar-International-Airport-Gibraltar#Figures-Pressure
 * 7 March 1991 29.09 inHg.https://weatherspark.com/h/d/147711/1991/3/7/Historical-Weather-on-Thursday-March-7-1991-at-Gibraltar-International-Airport-Gibraltar#Figures-Pressure

Portugal

 * Highest air pressure: 9 January 2015 Chaves and Bragança, Portugal 1050.3 hPa. The first time values over 1050 hPa had been recorded in continental Portugal.


 * A low air pressure: 15 February 1941 Évora 931 hPa is reported by one source, which also reports a minimum value of 937 hPa in Coimbra and 950 hPa in Lisbon during the passage of this low pressure. Other sources only give minimum values of around 950 hPa in Lisbon as the minimum during the passage of this low.

Coimbra !?937 hPa.http://www.meteopt.com/forum/topico/severa-tempestade-de-15-fevereiro-1941-em-portugal.793/

Braganca values of 1046.1 hPa, recorded on January 6, 2005 and 1045.4 recorded in February 1989 were the highest values of atmospheric pressure https://www.gpp.pt/images/Agricultura/Seca/meteo_jan2015.pdf

Malta
1961 to 1990 The highest value of 1,029.1 hPa was reached during January.

9 January 2015 >1035 hPa according to KNMI analysis chart -http://www.knmi.nl/nederland-nu/klimatologie/daggegevens/weerkaarten 2004-present 9 Jan 2015 30.62 inHghttps://weatherspark.com/h/d/148306/2015/1/9/Historical-Weather-on-Friday-January-9-2015-at-Malta-International-Airport-Malta#Figures-Pressure

31 December 2006 and 1 January 2007 30.71 inHghttps://weatherspark.com/h/d/148306/2006/12/31/Historical-Weather-on-Sunday-December-31-2006-at-Malta-International-Airport-Malta#Figures-Pressure


 * 7 Nov 2014 Malta international Airport 29.06 inHg https://weatherspark.com/h/d/148306/2014/11/7/Historical-Weather-on-Friday-November-7-2014-at-Malta-International-Airport-Malta#Figures-Pressure
 * {{convert29.12

Emulate 1869    3    23    989.91

25 January 1907 8 am morning reading only Malta {{convert|777.4|mmHg|hPa}}.https://library.noaa.gov/Collections/Digital-Docs/Foreign-Climate-Data/Egypt-Climate-Data#o44513570

Greece

 * A high pressure: 24 January 1907 Athens 8 am daily morning reading 787.7 mmHg.

https://library.noaa.gov/Collections/Digital-Docs/Foreign-Climate-Data/Egypt-Climate-Data#o44513570

Cyprus
24 and 25 January 1907 Limassol 8 am morning readings only 774.2 mmHg.https://library.noaa.gov/Collections/Digital-Docs/Foreign-Climate-Data/Egypt-Climate-Data#o44513570

Notable North Atlantic non-tropical pressures

 * https://trj.blog.is/blog/trj/entry/2209510/ Jan 7 1952, Jan 15 1933, feb 8 1925


 * ✔ ERICA IOP-4 5 January 1989 60W 40N 938 hPa http://journals.ametsoc.org/doi/pdf/10.1175/1520-0493%281993%29121%3C2452%3ASOOEIM%3E2.0.CO%3B2
 * Kurt (pre lothar)


 * ✔ 1989 29 October 926 hPa http://www.wetterzentrale.de/maps/archive/1989/cfsr/CFSR_1_1989102918_1.png https://twitter.com/WorldClimateSvc/status/1050814054367932418


 * 1990 January - (8 January 939 mb) MWLhttps://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=uiug.30112104094245;view=1up;seq=53 In January 1990, for example, an extreme storm hit the south coast of Iceland. At its peak intensity, the atmospheric pressure plunged to 928 millibars at a location 200 km southwest of the country.


 * 10 February 2011 "Paolini" 935 hPa http://www.met.fu-berlin.de/wetterpate/Lebensgeschichten/Tief_PAOLINI_11_02_11.htm http://www.met.fu-berlin.de/de/wetter/maps/Prognose_20110211.gif .24 HOUR FORECAST LOW E OF AREA NEAR 56N32W 928 MB. OVER https://www.americanwx.com/bb/topic/13167-intense-natl-low/ 935http://www.vos.noaa.gov/MWL/dec_11/MWL_1211.pdf


 * Anne 951 hPa MWL http://www.vos.noaa.gov/MWL/201408/northatlantic.shtml


 * "Nadja" 938 http://www.vos.noaa.gov/MWL/201408/northatlantic.shtml


 * 7 January 2015 SW of Greenland low named "Christian" by FUB 936 hPa. http://www.met.fu-berlin.de/de/wetter/maps/Analyse_20150107.gif 940 FUBhttp://www.met.fu-berlin.de/wetterpate/Lebensgeschichten/Tief_CHRISTIAN_05_01_15.htm


 * Rachel/Hermann 14-15 January 2015 http://www.eumetsat.int/website/home/Images/ImageLibrary/DAT_2520477.html see lacunae/22 943 hPa

the 21 December.
 * 20 December 2016 in region of Jan Mayen low named "Zarina" by FUB 937 hPa.-http://trj.blog.is/blog/trj/entry/2187023/ (technically Arctic Ocean) UK Met office 00utc 21 December chart also 937. MWL 940 hPa 70N 13W at 0000 UTC on

http://oceanweatherservices.com/blog/2017/02/23/938mb-hurricane-force-storm-forecast-off-greenland/
 * 25 feb 2017 https://twitter.com/NWSOPC/status/835243314790207489 UDO (FUB) 939 NWS OPC 25 feb,-https://twitter.com/NWSOPC/status/835243314790207489 https://twitter.com/NWSOPC/status/835512308877127680 lowest on Met Office charts, 940 isobar FUB 25 feb


 * 21 October 2017 938 hPa Met Office surface chart for 22 october 0000UTC. FUB "Florenz" http://trj.blog.is/blog/trj/entry/2204816/

935 1800 UTC 14 Jan 2018 UKMO Analysis http://www1.wetter3.de/Archiv/UKMet/18011418_UKMet_Analyse.gif, 940 FUB http://www.met.fu-berlin.de/de/wetter/maps/Analyse_20180115.gif, 950 dwd tdt https://www.dwd.de/DE/wetter/thema_des_tages/2018/1/14.html Trausti 934 https://twitter.com/hungurdiskar/status/952559367584387074
 * 15 January 2018 Evi 940 hPa-https://twitter.com/Meteorologene/status/951870709608960006

https://trj.blog.is/blog/trj/entry/2244563/
 * 8 January 2020 Bianca DWD just below 940, UKMO analysis nadir over arctic .http://www1.wetter3.de/Archiv/UKMet/20010806_UKMet_Analyse.gif https://www.dwd.de/DE/wetter/thema_des_tages/2020/1/7.html


 * 10-11 January 2020 Elisa ukmo chart 943


 * 13 Jan Brendan 939 https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-wales-51174008


 * ✔7 February Ruth 935 FUB, 928 gfs, nws opc 930 https://twitter.com/NWSOPC/status/1225917997610500097


 * ✔14 February 2020 Uta 933


 * 15 February 20202 Victoria (Dennis) https://twitter.com/SimonLeeWx/status/1228771725954965510

=Long-term trends= 10.1038/news030317-6



long term analysis by Stephen Burt

appears to be a correlation between record high and low (1907), which could be...

http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v522/n7557/full/nature14550.html

Decline in Siberian High intensity is observed in tandem with the positive mode of the Arctic oscillation. Spatial correlation analyses indicate that enhanced cyclogenetic conditions over the eastern flank of the Icelandic Low are associated with a milder Siberian High. http://www.theweatheroutlook.com/twoother/latest.aspx?type=buzz&id=3426&title=Winters+have+got+milder

=Recent= more recently high pressure 13 March 2015 above 1050. Luisa, 15 March 2015 highest air pressure value for 20 years in Sweden, 1049.8 hPa max in Sweden at Vilhelmina Airport. The Finnish station Lappeenranta Hiekkapakka recorded 1055.1 hPa 10 o'clock 16 March. I och för sig rapporterades hela 1055,8 hPa från norska Finsevatn Finsevatnet under söndagsmorgonen, men eftersom den stationen ligger 1 210 meter över havet så blir det alltid en viss osäkerhet när man försöker korrigera lufttrycket att motsvara havets nivå. >1050 centred over Lake Ladoga 16 march

cooper/dieter >1050 swe fin ru ee dk no lv-http://www.met.fu-berlin.de/de/wetter/maps/Analyse_20120208.gif

=Notes= The unit of pressure in the International System (SI) is the Newton per metre squared (Nm-2) to which has been given the name Pascal and the symbol Pa. The unit for measuring atmospheric pressure for international meteorological purposes, however, remains the millibar (mb).1 mb = 100 Pa = 1 hPa = 33.864 inches

=See also= Climate_of_the_United_Kingdom -remove duplication of pressure under winds section. United_Kingdom_weather_records List_of_weather_records -make other Barometric/Atmospheric pressure -see also to list of this page

=External links=
 * Climatic Research Unit corrected MSLP data for Emulate
 * !TEMP! location facit
 * http://docs.lib.noaa.gov/rescue/data_rescue_germany.html#top
 * http://eca.knmi.nl/

=References=

Greenland
Model forecast MSLP over central Greenland should always be interpreted with significant uncertainty because the surface is at 700 hPa / 3km above sea level -https://twitter.com/SimonLeeWx/status/1597600418452103169

https://twitter.com/dmidk/status/1377601722038812672

http://www.meteolink.nl/weer-records-nederland-en-de-wereld/ Luchtdruk: Hoogst: 1059,6 hPa, 18 januari 1958 in Upernarvik Laagst: 936,2 hPa, 14 december 1986, 16 januari 1988 resp. Ikermiuarsuk en Paamiut

DMI 1958-2016 http://www.dmi.dk/groenland/arkiver/vejrekstremer/ Højeste lufttryk: 1059,6 hPa	18. januar 1958	 	Upernavik Laveste lufttryk: 936,2 hPa	14. december 1986	 	Ikermiuarsuk 16. januar 1988	 	Paamiut

15 January 1940 1070 hPa est with 15 January 1940 Myggbukta, Greenland 1064.8 reported by Norwegians https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=8WSXBwAAQBAJ&pg=PA125&lpg=PA125&dq=16+Jan+1882++luftdruck&source=bl&ots=bTCFQTl2Hc&sig=5kya5z4POJ5K9iYEw1hFLQ0sw-s&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiu2MOcyKzOAhXTFsAKHW9DB2IQ6AEIHjAA#v=onepage&q=16%20Jan%201882%20%20luftdruck&f=false

1062.3 hectopascals (millibars) at 06.00 this morning was the previous record of 1059.6 millibars set 18 January 1958 in Upernarvik http://www.adressa.no/vaeret/article7270389.ece http://www.aftenposten.no/norge/Malte-monster-hoytrykk-i-Arktis-124933b.html

Research has suggested that very quiet solar periods with reduced sunspot activity are connected to zones of high pressure in the high latitudes, which favor colder than normal air in the eastern United States and Western Europe. Records for high pressure over Greenland were set in 2009-2010, https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/capital-weather-gang/wp/2018/06/21/its-very-early-but-signs-are-growing-that-next-winter-could-be-snowy-in-washington/?Ssfdsdfsfddsfsdfds&utm_term=.7e2165c9bacd

https://trj.blog.is/blog/trj/entry/2276639/

Canada
La pression atmosphérique (réduite au niveau de la mer) la plus élevée a été enregistrée à Dawson, Yukon avec 1079,50 hPa le 02/02/1989 ;

La pression atmosphérique (réduite au niveau de la mer) la plus basse a été de 940,20 hPa à Rue Anthony, Nfld le 20/01/1977 ; http://la.climatologie.free.fr/record0.htm#divers

while the lowest on record at Gander, Newfoundland between 1942 and 1971 was 946.3mbar on 9 February 1964 (Ludlum 1971).Burt1986

USA
https://www.wunderground.com/resources/pressure_records.asp?MR=1 http://www.weather.gov/gid/106227


 * highest 31 January 1989 Northway, Alaska 1078.6 hPa 31.85 inHg.

The highest measured barometric pressure in the U.S. is 1078.6 millibars which was recorded on January 31, 1989 -http://www.weather.com/science/weather-explainers/news/arctic-blast-record-high-pressure-plains at Dawson City, Yukon, next door to Alaska, but in Canada a higher reading of 1079.6 mb (31.88”) was measured a few days later on February 2, 1989.- http://www.wunderground.com/blog/weatherhistorian/comment.html?entrynum=51 +In the contiguous United States, the highest-pressure reading yet measured is 1064 mb (31.42”) at Miles City, Montana on December 24, 1983. Many people may remember this as the coldest Christmas in modern U.S. history (at least for almost everywhere east of the Rockies).The second highest pressure was also recorded in Montana, this time at Helena on January 10, 1962 with a reading of 1063.3 mb (31.40”). The cold wave associated with this event was just as extreme as that of 1989. The January 1962 event is considered the greatest anti-cyclone ever observed in the United Sates although its point maximum is just shy of that of in 1983.

2015 http://www.weather.com/science/weather-explainers/news/arctic-blast-record-high-pressure-plains +Extreme anti-cyclones are not unique to land masses. Stephen Burt points out that a mid-Atlantic anti-cyclone resulted in a pressure of 1057 mb (31.21”) at a location around 51°N 27°W on January 28, 2003.

A value of 31.43 in (1063.6 mbars) was recorded at Barrow, AK, on 3 January 1970 (Schmidli, 1983). This is the record high pressure for the U.S.

North America’s highest sea level pressure is 31.85 in (1078.6 mbars) and was recorded at Northway, AK [62”59’N, 141043’ W] on 31 January 1989 (Ludlum, 1989; LeComte, 1990). Ludlum notes that during January 1989, a massive Siberian high pressure system brought record cold temperatures to over 20 stations in Alaska. Temperatures dipped to -76°F (-60”C) at Tanana and -75°F (-59.4”C) at McGrath, and Nome had its coldest month since records began in 1906. This record high pressure surpassed the old record of 31.53 in (1067.7 mbars) that occurred at Mayo, Yukon Territory, Canada on 1 January 1974 (Schmidli, 1983), and appeared in the 1985 version of “World Weather Extremes.”

Central Nebraska Regional Airport at Grand Island reached 1056.9 millibars around mid-day on the 7th, breaking the previous high sea level pressure record of 1054.5 millibars set back on December 24, 1983.-http://www.weather.gov/gid/106227


 * Lowest

January_1913_Atlantic_coast_storm The lowest confirmed barometric pressure reading, 955.0 mb (28.20 inHg), for a non-tropical system in the continental United States (CONUS) was recorded during this storm at Canton, New York.[2][3]

equalled at Block Island, Rhode Island on 7 March 1932 (Ludlum 1962). Burt1986

October_2010_North_American_storm_complex, The cyclone's lowest minimum pressure of 953 mbar (28.11") made it the most intense extratropical cyclone ever recorded in the continental United States, surpassing the lowest US pressure of 958 mbar from the Great Ohio Blizzard of 1978.

https://thinkprogress.org/masters-strongest-storm-ever-recorded-in-the-midwest-smashes-all-time-pressure-records-1bb37c7a7667#.sl6jvdxw0

'''On the West Coast the lowest pressure measured on land was 962 mb (28.40”) at Quillayute, Washington on December 1, 1987. However, a ship near the mouth of the Umpqua River in Oregon measured a pressure of 955 mb (28.20”) during the Storm King of Jan.9, 1880.''' http://www.climate.washington.edu/stormking/January1880.html

US cities records-https://www.wunderground.com/resources/pressure_records.asp

North America’s lowest sea level pressure (TROPICAL) is 26.35 in (892.3 mbars) and occurred at Matecumbe Key, FL, U.S. [-24”56N, 80°37’ W], on 2 September 1935 (Schmidli,1983).

Sandy 940? Don't forget about the Norfolk and Long Island hurricane of 1821. You could say that the observations aren't reliable(1821..:whistle:) but the wind obs(adjusted for latitude), argue for something below or around 930mb. The classic 1938 long island express bottomed out around 938mb.https://www.americanwx.com/bb/topic/13167-intense-natl-low/

949.5mb - September 21, 1938 (Hurricane of '38)https://www.nbcconnecticut.com/weather-news/stories/exceptionally-low-barometric-pressure/2220629/

Alaska lowest August https://twitter.com/Climatologist49/status/1300296620441874434 Alaska lowest-https://www.smhi.se/bloggar/vaderleken-2-3336/extrema-hogtryck-och-lagtryck-kring-arsskiftet-1.167539

Pacific
Aleutian cyclone 2015 924 hPa tying the record for lowest wintertime pressure in the North Pacific Ocean since records began in the winter of 1969-1970. The low equals the record set by post-tropical Nuri November_2014_Bering_Sea_cyclone (920 hPa) in November 2014.
 * http://mashable.com/2015/12/15/massive-alaska-storm/#J38Xi2sk8iqE
 * https://www.facebook.com/NWSOPC/videos/973195089405889/
 * https://twitter.com/NWSOPC/status/676053741393616896
 * https://weather.com/storms/hurricane/news/bering-sea-superstorm-alaska-aleutians-20141105
 * https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/capital-weather-gang/wp/2014/11/08/bering-sea-storm-now-strongest-on-record-in-north-pacific/

25-26 de octubre de 1977. Dutch Harbor, en la isla Aleutian de Unalaska, registró una presión mínima de 926 mb en la tarde del 25 de octubre.http://www.tiempo.com/ram/25845/los-records-del-mundo-de-bajas-presiones-parte-iii-y-final/ 926, Burt.

April 6 2011, Bering Sea on April 6th with a minimum pressure of 939 mb (27.73”).

S Korea
Lowest: Sarah 1959 951.5 hPa https://yaleclimateconnections.org/2020/09/typhoons-maysak-and-hashien-may-deal-south-korea-a-one-two-punch/
 * Maysak 3 Sept 2020, Tongyeong 952.5 hPa-https://twitter.com/sayakasofiamori/status/1301453496672120833
 * Maemi 2003, 954 hPa https://twitter.com/sayakasofiamori/status/1301172428177981443

Japan
https://twitter.com/sayakasofiamori/status/1300968941074882561 https://news.yahoo.co.jp/byline/morisayaka/20200904-00196299/ https://twitter.com/sayakasofiamori/status/1571410700144345088 https://yaleclimateconnections.org/2022/09/hurricane-fiona-deluges-puerto-rico-typhoon-nandamol-hits-japan/

Arctic
[August] An intense cyclone is currently moving into the Arctic Ocean & deepening as it interacts with an upstream TPV. The GFS modeled MSLP min of 967 hPa would be near the record lowest for the North American side of the Arctic per an hourly 1979-2018 ERA5 climo (h/t @splillo). https://twitter.com/burgwx/status/1164944382509928449 https://twitter.com/splillo/status/1164936322877931521

=So Hem= 1048 Trewin http://forum.weatherzone.com.au/ubbthreads.php/topics/74443/Very_high_atmospheric_pressure

Aus
Australia’s highest pressure on record was 1044.3 mb (30.84”) at Launceston, Tasmania on June 7, 1967.https://www.wunderground.com/blog/weatherhistorian/world-and-us-anticyclonic-high-barometric-pressure-records

'''An estimate, based on Dvorak intensity, during Cyclone Monica in Australia’s Gulf of Carpentaria. The U.S. Navy Joint Typhoon Warning Center estimated a pressure of 879 mb (25.96”) and perhaps as low as 869 mb (25.66”) based on the Dvorak intensity on April 23, 2006. These figures, however, are not accepted by the Australian Bureau of Meteorology that places a minimum pressure for the storm at 905 mb (26.72”) on the same date and location. The lowest pressure actually measured in Australia was also 905 mb on the North Rankin A Gas Platform of the coast of Western Australia during Cyclone Orson on April 22, 1989.''' It was later surpassed by Severe Tropical Cyclone Gwenda in 1999 when that storm attained a pressure of 900 hPa (mbar).

NZ

 * Highest

1045.9 set in Wellington in 1889.

Niwa the highest air pressure ever recorded in the South Island and Chatham Islands has just been recorded at 1044hPa, the centre of the high (East of East Cape) is estimated to today touch 1050hPa. South island record at this point?


 * Lowest

The lowest on record for New Zealand is 954 mbar at Taiaroa Head, Otago Peninsula on 16 January 1939, although 945.1 mbar was recorded at Campbell Island (52°S 169°W, almost midway between New Zealand and Antarctica) on 18 July 1982 (Collen 1983), the lowest at that site since records commenced in 1941.

Falkland Islands
955 hPa

South Georgia
In the South Atlantic the lowest recorded pressure at Grytviken on South Georgia (54° 16' S 36° 30' W) in 36 years 1929-64 was 942mbar (Meteorological Office 1967),

Antarctica
casey

Aside from this remarkable figure the lowest other readings from the region include 934 mb (27.59”) at Halley Bay, Antarctica on Aug. 11, 1994, 942 mb (27.82”) at Grytviken on South Georgia Island (54° 16’S 36° 30’W) sometime between 1929-1964, and 945.1 mb (28.17”) at Campbell Island located about halfway between New Zealand and Antarctica (52°S 69°W) on July 18, 1982.https://www.wunderground.com/blog/weatherhistorian/world-and-us-lowest-barometric-pressure-records

https://www.tiempo.com/ram/borrasca-record-de-bajas-presiones-de-900-hpa-sorprende-a-los-meteorologos.html 923 https://twitter.com/WxTca/status/1581856999154733057

=Russian winter (meteorology)= "Beast from the east", russian whip, nl siberian bear

1991 (no ssw) hig pressure Norway.'''cold winter weather in Western Europe is not always the result of an SSW. This is clearly visible when we look at the five coldest February months in the Netherlands, based on the cold number, over the past 60 years. In these years only the cold February of 1963 was preceded by an SSW, the others of 1985, 1986, 1991 and 2012 did not follow an SSW. The SSW of 12 February this year was the harbinger of the current winter cold in the Netherlands, which was predicted for a long time by the weather models.'''-http://www.knmi.nl/over-het-knmi/nieuws/koude-week-door-verzwakte-poolwervel

planetary vorticity -http://wattsupwiththat.com/2014/02/08/when-does-a-displaced-polar-vortex-becomes-a-split-vortex/ polar vortex splits and bombs http://www.dailykos.com/story/2013/01/17/1179397/-Sudden-Stratospheric-Warming-Split-the-Polar-Vortex-in-Two

"Russian Winter" http://www.livescience.com/31153-keeping-europe-cold-snowy.html http://modis.gsfc.nasa.gov/gallery/individual.php?db_date=2012-02-14

"The ice-free areas of the ocean act like a heater as the water is warmer than the Arctic air above it. This favours the formation of a high-pressure system near the Barents Sea, which steers cold air into Europe."confirmed a link between the loss of Arctic sea ice and the development of high-pressure zones in the polar region, which influence wind patterns at lower latitudes further south.But UK climate researcher Adam Scaife said other complexities are almost certainly influencing the current cold spell. "There is a pretty clear link between the current event and the upper level winds... The winds up at 30km (18.6 miles) altitude are very weak," he said. "We have verified several times using computer model experiments that this leads to high pressure across northern Europe and cold winter conditions in the UK as we see now."-http://www.independent.co.uk/news/science/science-behind-the-big-freeze-is-climate-change-bringing-the-arctic-to-europe-6358928.html

National ice days
1956, 12-18 feb Sweden-https://www.smhi.se/bloggar/vaderleken-2-3336/langre-perioder-med-nationella-isdygn-1.131313 and https://www.smhi.se/kunskapsbanken/vad-ar-isdygn-och-frostdygn-1.35582

schweiz-62-63 http://www.meteoschweiz.admin.ch/home.subpage.html/de/data/blogs/2018/2/eiszeit-in-der-schweiz.html

1956
'''Three extreme instances of 1000–500mbar thicknesses of 500dam or lower have been recorded in the UK during the last 60 years: in a northerly airflow at Stornoway, Outer Hebrides, where exactly 500dam was measured by radiosonde at 1200 utc on 7 February 1969; at Hemsby, Norfolk, where 497dam was reported at 1200 utc on 1 February 1956 and, again at 1200 utc, on 12 January 1987. For our purposes, we shall define these rare cold pools of 500dam or lower over the UK in winter as extreme.''' http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/wea.666/full

1956 cold Austria http://www.zobodat.at/pdf/MittNatVerSt_87_0069-0073.pdf “It’s the worst snow since 1956,”http://wattsupwiththat.com/2012/02/05/tragic-winter-weather-in-europe-doesnt-fit-the-mannian-narrative/ 1956 cold wave France http://www.meteofrance.fr/actualites/33129618-fevrier-1956-vague-de-froid-en-france

from Cold wave-*1956 European cold wave – February 1956 was the coldest month of the twentieth century over large areas of Western Europe, with mean temperatures below 0 C as far south as Marseilles being utterly unprecedented in records dating back into the eighteenth century.

2012
The strong surface anticyclone was associated with a strong mid-tropospheric anticyclone at 500 hPa. Strong anticyclones over Russiaridging into Western Europe are historically linked to record cold episodes in central and WesternEurope. Similar to previous massive anticyclones over Russia, this anticyclone pushed arcticair into eastern,central, eventually into WesternEurope. the anticyclone was able to tap cold air from Siberia and advect it westward and this second air mass was considerable colder than the initial “news worthy” air mass which affected the region on 30-31 January 2012. '''After that, the high pressure system further developed and expanded over northwestern Russia and northern Europe. In accordance with the westward expansion of the high pressure system, cold air mass around Kazakhstan flowed westward over the southern side of the high pressure and reached eastern and central Europe in early February.'''

Climatologies of northern hemisphere anticyclones (Galarneauet al. 2008;Bell and Bosart 1989, and Barriopedro2006) suggestthis event occurred in region where closed500 hPa anticyclones and surface anticyclonestypically form during the winter months. Interestingly, northern hemispheric blocking events were found to be stronger and more frequent during La Niña year than El Niño years.

Based on NCEP/NCAS re-analysis data pressure greater than 1064 hPa observed (globally/nth hemosphere???) observed 941 times since 1948. Values over 1080 hPa observed 6 times, with three occurrences in winter 1958, and one time each in 1955, 1960 and 2010. (misses or omits the record value 1968) http://blog.metoffice.gov.uk/2012/02/09/whats-bringing-the-cold-weather-to-europe-and-the-uk/

"*No* blocky N Atl winters since '70 outside +/- 2 yrs of solar mins. Probably not coincidence. Next min 4-5 yrs away "https://twitter.com/tcrawf_nh/status/646702459646251008

BAMS 2012 SIDEBAR 7.4: COLD SPELL IN EURASIA IN WINTER 2011/12— B. MÜHR, C. EHMANN, P. BISSOLLI, D. PARKER, J. KENNEDY, S. TANAKA, AND K. YOSHIMATSU Mühr, B., C. Ehmann, P. Bissoli, D. Parker, J. Kennedy, S. Tanaka, K. Yoshimatsu, 2013: Cold Spell in Eurasia in Winter 2011/12, Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 94, 182-183.

El Nino & Russian winters
El Niño Years 1902-1903	1905-1906	1911-1912	1914-1915 1918-1919	1923-1924	1925-1926	1930-1931 1932-1933	1939-1940	1941-1942	1951-1952 1953-1954	1957-1958	1965-1966	1969-1970 1972-1973	1976-1977	1982-1983	1986-1987 1991-1992	1994-1995	1997-1998 -http://ww2010.atmos.uiuc.edu/(Gh)/guides/mtr/eln/def.rxml

solar minima -http://www.bbc.co.uk/blogs/paulhudson/entries/d99e9ee4-2a79-3500-a1d4-07028ecb58d1 List_of_solar_cycles

Cold winters in Europe
Great_Frost_of_1709

1940 https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=0jzs_YndQecC&pg=PA73&lpg=PA73&dq=high+air+pressure+europe&source=bl&ots=rFnAEyF4EZ&sig=FW9WUBlXnB4CMt4DrLunZcxuhsI&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0CCwQ6AEwAzgKahUKEwirjYuDrtnIAhUDPj4KHVfcDn8#v=onepage&q=high%20air%20pressure%20europe&f=false