User:Lacunae/6

Autumn_2000_western_Europe_floods

Flooding landslips Aug 29 2000 -http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/scotland/900415.stm

Ex-Tropical Storm Leslie October 9-14
On 8 October a Low over Iceland brought gales and a series of cold fronts which quickly crossed the UK.

11/10/2000 http://news.bbc.co.uk/local/sussex/hi/people_and_places/history/newsid_8330000/8330270.stm http://uckfieldnews.com/news/uckfield/remember_flood.html

RMS 13-14th oct

England
Thunderstorms Kent & sussex flooding Yalding Lamberhurst flooding 1 10th-12th 156.4 mm fell at Plumpton, East Sussex, with stations from Brighton and across SE England to the Thames Kent/Sussex over 100mm. http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk/967952.stm general refs of event in UK lewes flood Lewes stuff

Italy, France and Switzerland
Record flooding in the Po Valley, 13-16 October, as ex-TS Leslie centred over the area of the UK. A trough formed over Spain, which advected moist air from the Atlantic over the Strait of Gibraltar and over the Mediterranean Sea to the Southern Alps. The system induced strong humidity advection into the Mediterranean, and one of the associated secondary systems moves into the Mediterranean Region. A number of secondary lows formed over the Western Mediterranean during the following 2 days, triggering the event on the 13 October. deep wide low over atlantic and blocking ridge over E Europe, caused immobility of cyclonic circulation and humid flows.

(ex-TS Leslie (11-13 above UK)high moisture to europe flooding in Piedmonte, Italy landslides in Italian French and Swiss alps.

14-16 October 2000 Torrential rains and flooding in the Valais. The township was cut off from the world. Gondo, Simplon, Fully are severely affected. Balance pro-visional: 16 dead or missing. According to a first estimate, 100 hectares of crops were destroyed. Damage avoisineraient 6 billion francs.
 * http://www.risknat.org/projets/riskydrogeo/docs/guide_pratique/Acivite1_Ateliers/Presentations%20Atelier1/A1P9-Gondo-Rouiller.pdf -Gondo
 * http://www.hebdo.ch/deacutegacircts_deau_au_fil_du_rhocircne_10215_.html Flooding Alpes Maritime 10-15 October.
 * Oct 15th http://www.notre-planete.info/actualites/actu_19_tempete_est_sud_France.php
 * Oct 19th storm SE France, http://www.notre-planete.info/actualites/actu_21_tempete_sud_est_France.php

Remnants of Ex-Hurricane Michael & Ex-Tropical Storm Nadine, October 22-24
October 23, saw gusty winds reaching 40-50 knots along west coast of UK associated with the remains of ex-Hurricae Michael. October 24, the remains of ex-TS Nadine brought winds of 60 knots to south Wales and 40 knot winds in west UK, gales and gusty winds 60 knots on 25th heavy rain in N Ireland and Scotland on 24th low of 979mb

Spain?
low passing outside med basin leading to orographic rain, advection of moisture into med basin? is linked to? http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/europe/988615.stm Tuesday, 24 October, 2000 "Floods kill five in Spain"

Storm Nicole, October 28-31
A deep Icelandic Low pressure formed 26 October, anchored between Greenland and Iceland, building up cold-front to the southwest which became a birth place for series of wave depressions which then crossed the UK. Three "daughter" depressions formed off the cold-front.

At Dun Laoghaire pressure fell 15mb in five hours to 1100GMT on 28 October, 60 knot gusts over southern Ireland and southwestern England.

The most destructive (the second most destructive in Europe) tornado ravaged through Bognor Regis in southern England on 28 October 2000, causing $7 million in damage and injuring four people.

http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk/997029.stm Bognor Regis Tornado 17:00 28 (saturday) October
 * storm 1, 28 Oct.- heavy rain with up to 8mm per hour in home counties, Tornado in Bognor Regis at 17:00

http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk/997760.stm http://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/home-news/bognor-battered-by-minitornado-634309.html http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/1372464/Channel-twisters-trail-of-devastation.html

28th "Shortly after 1600GMT a tornado ripped through Bognor Regis, leaving a 1.5 mile-long path of damage. Five people were taken to hospital. Around 100 houses were damaged by the tornado - mostly broken windows, collapsed chimneys and damaged roofs." 60 kn winds across Southern Scotland.

29th October One person died when their car struck a tree blown onto the A3 at Hindhead, in Surrey. Nicole, secondary trough rapidly developed to SW of Ireland from this low to create Oratia, which experienced explosive development.
 * storm 2, 29 Oct.- heavy rain and winds across Wales and Southern England

Meteorological history
Rebekka formed over Greenland It came from Canada, but dissipated as it moved over Greenland. However, as it entered the Denmark Strait it reformed and intensified-ikiewii low formed in the atlantic on 3rd...approached SW of GB on the morning of the 5th slow moving north gradually to E of UK filling on the 8th and after

main train station flooded in dublin on 6th lots of Irish flooding, Uckfield flooded for second time, widespread flooding

Storm Rebekka over southern england adding to flood conditions, the channel and Northern France. created Foehn as air pulled across the alps from the mediterranean to the low.

floods: Kent 5-8th, shropshire/shrewsbury 7-9th, nth wales 6-10, Yorkshire 9th

York(shire)
http://www.britishcivildefence.org/BCD_NP/York_Flood_PT_1/york_flood_pt_1.html http://www.guardian.co.uk/environment/2000/nov/05/weather.climatechange http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/1373692/Flood-defences-could-be-overwhelmed.html http://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/home-news/torrential-rain-strikes-floodbound-britain-622212.html http://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/home-news/flood-chaos-is-countrywide-622145.html

wales flooding

Ireland
exceptional rain across ireland on 5th November. http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/1373272/Storm-set-to-bring-havoc-to-Britain-today.html http://www.guardian.co.uk/environment/2000/nov/04/weather.climatechange1 http://www.rte.ie/news/2000/1106/flooding.html

Norway
"In autumn 2000 high amounts of precipitation caused a large number of landslides in south-eastern Norway. The precipitation reached more than 400% of the normal monthly values in November. In addition to the precipitation, groundwater monitoring showed unusual high levels. High air temperatures in the mountains caused the precipitation to fall as rain instead of snow, causing additional runoff in the catchments."



France
Between November 6, 2000 at 02h UTC and 18 UTC the next day or for 40 consecutive hours, the barometer is below 980 hPa in Lille, with a minimum of 971.9 hPa. Nov 5-6 heavy rain in Alpes Maritimes.http://pluiesextremes.meteo.fr/2000-11-05/pluies-diluviennes-sur-les-alpes-maritimes.html


 * 7th nov http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/europe/1010394.stm Seawifs image of storm 6th Nov http://visibleearth.nasa.gov/view.php?id=55264

Saskia formed 9th continued Föhn 9th http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/1373813/City-rail-links-cut-as-flood-chaos-spreads.html Maidenhead flooding 9Nov-12 Nov http://www.maidenhead.net/news/floods2000.html 11-12 slow moving low 981.3 mb across Ireland and Scotland.

964 mb low to west of Ireland on 25, moved over galloway with gusts up to 80 knots reported in the Mumbles, wales where some structural damage was reported. severe gale in the evening to SW England. 25 November http://www.rte.ie/news/2000/1125/ferries.html

29 nov 977.6 mb Valentia 968.2 later in Belmullet. 29 Nov 2000 http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/northern_ireland/1046307.stm

Storm Elke, December 7-
storm tracked up from Portugal and Galicia across the bay of Biscay to western France across the UK up to Scotland heavy rain to SW England and Wales, moving N to N Ireland and S Scotland by midnight. "Two people died in mid-Devon when there car was upturned car in a flooded river, and flooded roads caused two more deaths in Hampshire" 972 mb On December 10, 2000, a line of severe thunderstorms across the region Nord - Pas de Calais; associated with hail and gusty winds often exceeding 110 km / h, a tornado is formed and quickly reached F2 intensity causing significant damage to several tens of kilometers before finishing his race in the southern suburbs of Lille. The first squall line will be followed shortly by a second equally active, which will also produce a tornado in southern Belgium.
 * 7 Dec http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk/1058770.stm
 * 8 Dec (972 hPa) http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk/1060265.stm
 * 9 Dec http://www.guardian.co.uk/environment/2000/dec/09/weather.climatechange1 http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk/1062356.stm
 * 10 December http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk/1063869.stm
 * 6-7-8-9-December satellite images http://imkhp2.physik.uni-karlsruhe.de/~muehr/Sat/satsp122.htm

Spain
"The storm of yesterday demanded three dead and four seriously injured in Santander and Granada. In 13 provinces in advance of the storm was triggered emergency alert.The worst accident occurred on a gravel road near the ski station Brana Vieja, 100 kilometers from the northern Spanish city of Santander. 5 workers were traveling in a vehicle on the road, when a violent gust of 140 km / h, the car flew down an incline. 3 workers were killed, two were seriously injured. In the center of the city of Jaén a wall collapsed, and buried two people, it was a woman seriously injured. Handle multiple hundred people had to be evacuated due to high continuous rivers and streams. The fierce winds and severed Hochspannunsmasten zehtausende were without electricity for hours Numerous roads and railway lines had to be closed because of fallen trees and by flying objects, and About floods. The airports of Santander and Bilbao had temporarily closed. In Galicia, several rivers burst their banks, most dams in the province to the brim and now need to derive water controls. The regional government said yesterday that they had not experienced such a dangerous situation since 127 years ago."

Storm Ilse, December 12-14
12th December Ireland to Scotland moving low 976.4. Tornado in Scunthorpe It is believed that Wigan, in Lancashire, Newton Aycliffe, near Middlesbrough, and Hartlepool also suffered tornadoes http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk/1068368.stm tornado in scunthorpe wigan newton aycliffe hartlepool http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk/1071421.stm

13 December Wales http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/wales/1068414.stm http://news.bbc.co.uk/local/northeastwales/hi/people_and_places/newsid_8522000/8522040.stm http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/1009553.stm shrewsbury worcester gloucester floods ferries stranded in the english channel


 * SeaWiFS captioned image Europe 16 dec 2000 http://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/IOTD/view.php?id=2025

Aftermath
Total insurance losses of 3.5bn. http://www.cru.uea.ac.uk/projects/stardex/deliverables/D9/D9_FTS_tables.pdf 8500 $ us million

Analysis
remnants of hurricane Isaac and TS Leslie brought high moisture to W europe early in october "Displacement of jetstream eastward, exit region more marked over western europe and displaced south" "jetstream brought repeated systems into W europe where they slowed major wave train In October and November 2000 York experienced the worst flooding in 375 years with over 300 homes being flooded. http://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/home-news/british-floods-were-the-result-of-climate-change-2217146.html role of land management in flood, bare fields cereal cultivation lead to erosion and gully formation, gullies re-used by later storms led to surface run-off and flooding http://www.era.lib.ed.ac.uk/bitstream/1842/830/1/jbutler001.pdf http://www.guardian.co.uk/society/2000/nov/08/guardiansocietysupplement9 contaminant metal effects in yorkshire rivers

October was the second warmest since 1915 in Norway.

refstore
env agency via wayback
 * nov 2nd http://www.independent.ie/world-news/floodwaters-rising-with-more-rain-predicted-361766.html
 * http://www.economist.com/node/410850
 * http://www.berliner-zeitung.de/archiv/ein-orkan-ueberm-aermelkanal-legte-den-verkehr-lahm-und-brachte-einen-chemie-tanker-in-seenot-vom-kontinent-abgeschnitten,10810590,9847878.html
 * http://www.dwd.de/bvbw/generator/DWDWWW/Content/Oeffentlichkeit/KU/KU2/KU23/besondere__ereignisse__deutschland/niederschlaege/starknieder__herbst2000,templateId=raw,property=publicationFile.pdf/starknieder_herbst2000.pdf
 * http://climateprediction.net/science/pubs/JournalHydrology_2011.pdf -Attribution of Autumn/Winter 2000 flood risk in England to anthropogenic climate change: A catchment-based study

Ilan kelman kelman drownings in the 2000 floods -http://www.cfspress.com/KelmanUKDrownings.pdf


 * 31/12/2000 http://www.rte.ie/news/2000/1231/storms.html
 * met office 2000 soil moisture http://www.metoffice.gov.uk/climate/uk/interesting/SMD2000.html