User:Lady Fierce/sandbox

Original Page Drafts:


 * School Daze: For a film so pivotal in portraying the HBCU experience, limited information is presented on the film's beginnings, production, and legacy to the African-African community as well as the American film canon.
 * Leah Chase: a renowned chef from the New Orleans area whose Wikipedia page is not as fleshed out as her counterparts such as Emeril. Would also like to flesh out her influence on the molding of Princess Tiana.
 * Doris L. Wethers: 1st black doctor at St.Luke's; heavy sickle-cell advocate
 * Sophia B. Jones: founder of Spelman's nursing program

Article Evaluation: labeled as a stub poor format quality stands out to me as early black woman physician and spelman educator labeled stub-class limited info on personal life good format quality stands out to me as early black woman physician and spelman graduate
 * Sophia B. Jones:
 * Audrey F. Manley:

How To In(query): Did Manley create any major initiatives as acting Surgeon General? Is any more known any her early life? What has Manley done in the last 15 years? Ideas for Development: -Compare with other women doctors: Elizabeth Blackwell (white, dead) Rebecca Lee Crumpler (black, dead) -Add an "Influence" section -Possibly separate early life and education, see if she did anything important while studying at Spelman or any other school

Article Development: Early Life and Childhood: Audrey Elaine Forbes was born on Sunday, March 25th, 1934 in Jackson, Mississippi. Her parents, Ora Lee Buckhalter and Jesse Lee Forbes, quickly relocated Manley and her two sisters, Barbara and Yvonne, to Tougaloo, Mississippi, near Tougaloo College.<"The Politics of Particularism"> Manley was inspired to pursue medicine after the death of her maternal grandmother as well as her seventh-grade science teacher.<"Dr. Audrey Forbes Manley"> During World War II, the Forbes family moved to Chicago after her grandmother could no longer care for her and her siblings. <"Audrey Manley">

Education: In 1951, Manley graduated as the class valedictorian from Wendell Phillips High School in Chicago. She then received a full-tuition scholarship to Spelman College where she majored in Biology, with a double minor in chemistry and mathematics. <"The Politics of Particularism"> Manley graduated cum laude from Spelman College in 1955. She then continued to further her education at Meharry Medical College on a full-tuition scholarship and graduated in 1959. Nearly 30 years later, in 1987, Marley received a Masters in Public Health from Johns Hopkins University. <"Dr. Audrey Forbes Manley">

Career: In 1962, Manley began her medical career and completed her residency in Chicago by being appointed as the first African-American woman to be chief resident as Cook County hospital. During her residency, Manley taught pediatrics at the Cook County School of Nursing.<"Audrey Manley"> In 1970, Manley moved back to Atlanta after her marriage to Albert Manley and began to work at Grady Memorial Hospital's Emory University Family Planning Clinic as the Chief of Medical Services.<"Dr. Audrey Forbes Manley"> She simultaneously began to serve as "First Lady" for the remainder of her husband's tenure as the fifth president of Spelman College.<"Audrey F. Manley, MD, Eighth President">. In 1976, Manley was appointed as a Captain in the U.S. Public Health Service. <"Dr. Audrey Forbes Manley"> Over the next decade, Manley continued her medical pursuits in pediatrics and medical education at a number of institutions including the University of Chicago, the University of Illinois, Chicago Medical College, Emory University and Howard University. <"Black Firsts">

Beginning in 1989, Manley held a host of government jobs with the US Public Health Service including Principal Deputy Assistant for Public Health, Deputy Surgeon General, Member of the U.S. Delegation to UNICEF and the UNICEF/WHO Joint Committee on Health Policy (1990-1993), Deputy Surgeon General (1994), and Co-Founder Acting Deputy Assistant Secretary for Minority Health. <"Audrey Manley"><"Notable Black American Women"> In 1995, Manley became the second black woman to occupy the office of acting Surgeon General of the United States. During her tenure, she focused on emphasizing the importance of physical activity and the health benefits accompanying exercise. <"Physical Activity and Health"> Spelman Presidency: Manley's experience with Spelman on During her husband's tenure as president, Manley aided in establishing the Health Career Program <"Encyclopedia of African-American Education"> Manley was inaugurated as the eighth president of Spelman College in 1997, succeeding Johnnetta B. Cole. She was the first alumna to become president of the college. Her tenure as president ended in 2001.

Later Years: Though Dr. Manley has been retired since 2002, she continues to be involved in the National Merit Scholarship Corporation and the American Academy of Family Physicians <"Dr. Audrey Forbes Manley">.

Personal Life: The earliest known encounter between Manley (then Forbes) and her future husband Albert Manley occurred while Manley was still a student at Spelman, where she convinced then-President Manley to allow her to take advanced science courses at Morehouse College. The two reconnected when Forbes was chosen as a Board of Trustees member at Spelman.

Manley was well-connected in the black community, attending social events with the likes of Roy Wood and Don Cornelius <"Social White">. Manley also demonstrated her passion of service with Crossroads Africa where she ran a childrens' ward in a Nigerian hospital. Additionally, she worked in San Francisco to give medical services to children addicted to drugs. <"The Politics of Particularism".>

Legacy: Manley has received awards from the National Council of Negro Women (1979), the United States Public Health Service (1981, 1992) Young Women's Christian Association (1999) and the Atlanta City Council (2002) <"Dr. Audrey Forbes Manley">. Manley has received honorary degrees from Tougaloo College in 1991, and is an honorary member of Delta Sigma Theta, Incorporated. <"Contemporary Black Women"> The Albro Falconer Manley Science Center at Spelman College was partly named for Dr. Manley in 2002.