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Yu Xie (谢宇, 1959-) is a leading American sociologist and an instrumental figure in the development of empirical sociology in China. Beginning in the late 1980s and continuing to the present day, Xie has made major contributions to quantitative methodology, social stratification, demography, Chinese studies, sociology of science, and social science data collection. He is Otis Dudley Duncan Distinguished University Professor of Sociology, Statistics, and Public Policy at the University of Michigan, a member of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, Academia Sinica, and the National Academy of Sciences.

Early Life, Education, and Academic Career
Xie was born in Zhenjiang(镇江), China in 1959, the second of two brothers. His parents were both physicians. Xie’s education was delayed by the Cultural Revolution in China, and his family suffered many hardships, but after the Revolution ended, he was accepted at Shanghai University of Technology, where he received a B.S. in Metallurgical Engineering in 1982. He then came to the United States to study at the University of Wisconsin-Madison, from which he received an M.A. in the History of Science and an M.S. in Sociology in 1984 as well as a Ph.D. in Sociology in 1989. After completing his doctorate, Xie came to the University of Michigan as an assistant professor, where he was appointed associate professor in 1994 and full professor in 1996. He became an American citizen in 1997. Xie now lives in Ann Arbor with his wife and their two children, and his parents and brother also live in the U.S.

Along with his sociology appointment, Xie has held various positions in other departments at the University of Michigan. He was appointed Professor of Statistics in 2000 and Professor of Public Policy in 2011. Xie is also a Research Professor at the Population Studies Center and the Survey Research Center of the Institute for Social Research, and a Faculty Associate at the Center for Chinese Studies. Since 1999, he has been directing the Quantitative Methodology Program at the Survey Research Center. During his over twenty years of service at the University of Michigan, Xie has been honored with multiple chair professorships. In 2007, he was appointed Otis Dudley Duncan University Distinguished Professor.

In recent years, Xie has been active in promoting empirical sociology in China. His primary institutional affiliation in China has been with Peking University, where he has directed the China Family Panel Studies (CFPS), China’s largest national longitudinal social science data collection project and founded the Social Research Center. Xie has also been active at several other institutions in China, holding honorary adjunct professorships at Renmin University of China, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Chinese University of Hong Kong, and Shanghai University.

Research and Selected Publications
Xie specializes in quantitative methodology, social stratification, demography, China studies, and sociology of science. He has published scholarly articles in American Journal of Sociology, American Sociological Review, Demography, Social Forces, Sociological Methodology, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, American Economic Review, Journal of the American Statistical Association, and many others.

Quantitative Methodology
Xie has developed a series of statistical procedures for categorical data analysis. His log-multiplicative layer-effect model (a.k.a. unidiff model) ,in particular, has been widely used in comparative (historical or international) tabular analysis. He also extended the model to the Coale-Trussell method in fertility studies and to event-history analysis. His textbook, Statistical Methods for Categorical Data Analysis, coauthored with Daniel Powers, systematically introduced various methods in categorical data analysis under a unified framework, which had become an important reference in social science methodology. Xie’s recent methodological work includes discrete choice models for friendship choice, causal inference based on observational data, and population heterogeneity.


 * Xie, Yu. 1992.  “The Log-Multiplicative Layer Effect Model for Comparing Mobility Tables.”  American Sociological Review 57:380-395.  (doi:10.2307/2096242)
 * Xie, Yu and Ellen Efron Pimentel. 1992.  “Age Patterns of Marital Fertility: Revising the Coale-Trussell Method.”  Journal of the American Statistical Association 87:977-984.  (doi:10.2307/2290634)
 * Xie, Yu. 1994.  “Log-Multiplicative Models for Discrete-Time, Discrete-Covariate Event-History Data.”  pp. 301–340 in Sociological Methodology, edited by Peter Marsden.  Washington, D.C.: The American Sociological Association.
 * Powers, Daniel A. and Yu Xie. 2000.  Statistical Methods for Categorical Data Analysis.  New York: Academic Press.
 * Xie, Yu and Xiaogang Wu. 2005.  “Market Premium, Social Process, and Statisticism.”  American Sociological Review 70:865-870.  (doi:10.1177/000312240507000508)
 * Xie, Yu. 2007.  “Otis Dudley Duncan’s Legacy: the Demographic Approach to Quantitative Reasoning in Social Science.”  Research in Social Stratification and Mobility 25:141-156.  (doi:10.1016/j.rssm.2007.05.006 )
 * Brand, Jennie and Yu Xie. 2007. “Identification and Estimation of Causal Effects with Time-Varying Treatments and Time-Varying Outcomes.”  Sociological Methodology 37:393-434.  (doi:10.1111/j.1467-9531.2007.00185.x)
 * Powers, Daniel A. and Yu Xie. 2008.  Statistical Methods for Categorical Data Analysis, Second Edition.  Howard House, England: Emerald.
 * Zeng, Zhen and Yu Xie. 2008.  “A Preference-Opportunity-Choice Framework with Applications to Intergroup Friendship.”  American Journal of Sociology 114: 615-648.
 * Brand, Jennie, and Yu Xie. 2010.  “Who Benefits Most from College? Evidence for Negative Selection in Heterogeneous Economic Returns to Higher Education.”  'American Sociological Review 75:273–302.  (doi:10.1177/0003122410363567)
 * Xie, Yu, and Xiang Zhou. 2012.  “Modeling Individual-level Heterogeneity in Racial Residential Segregation.”  Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS) 109 (29): 11646–11651.   (doi:10.1073/pnas.1202218109).
 * Xie, Yu, Jennie Brand, and Ben Jann. 2012.  “Estimating Heterogeneous Treatment Effects with Observational Data.” Sociological Methodology  42:314–347. (DOI: 10.1177/0081175012452652).  NIHMSID: NIHMS404680
 * Cheng, Siwei and Yu Xie. 2013. “Structural Effects of Size on Interracial Friendship.” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS) (doi:10.1073/pnas.1303748110).

Social Stratification
Xie has contributed extensively to the field of social stratification. In particular, his research on immigrants in the U.S. has contributed important empirical knowledge in terms of education, occupation, income, health, and family. For example, he found that although Asian Americans excelled in achieving socioeconomic status through education, the returns to their education greatly depended on the location of education—those who received education outside of the U.S. were still disadvantaged in terms of income. In the census-based monograph A Demographic Portrait of Asian Americans, Xie and co-author Kimberly Goyette systematically documented the socioeconomic differences between Asian Americans and other ethno-racial groups as well as the heterogeneity within the Asian American population. With Jennie Brand, Xie proposed that persons who are most unlikely to attend college would benefit financially from college education. His recent work with Alexandra Killewald refuted Long and Ferrie’s claim that social mobility has significantly declined in the U.S. since the nineteenth century net of historical changes to the share of farmers in the labor force.


 * Xie, Yu and Kimberly Goyette. 1997.  “The Racial Identification of Biracial Children With One Asian Parent: Evidence from the 1990 Census.”  Social Forces 76:547-570.  (doi:10.2307/2580724)
 * Goyette, Kimberly and Yu Xie. 1999.  “Educational Expectations of Asian-American Youth: Determinants and Ethnic Differences.”  Sociology of Education 72:22-36.  (doi:10.2307/2673184)
 * Mouw, Theodore and Yu Xie. 1999.  “Bilingualism and the Academic Achievement of First- and Second-Generation Asian Americans: Accommodation with or without Assimilation?”  American Sociological Review 64:232-252.  (doi:10.2307/2657529)
 * Xie, Yu, and Kimberly Goyette. 2003.  “Social Mobility and the Educational Choices of Asian Americans.”  Social Science Research 32:467-498.  (doi:10.10 16/S0049-089X(03)00018-8)
 * Xie, Yu and Kimberly Goyette. 2004.  A Demographic Portrait of Asian Americans.  New York: Russell Sage Foundation and Population Reference Bureau.
 * Zeng, Zhen and Yu Xie. 2004. “Asian Americans’ Earnings Disadvantage Reexamined: The Role of Place of Education.” American Journal of Sociology 109:1075-1108.  (doi:10.1086/381914)
 * Greenman, Emily and Yu Xie. 2008.  “Is Assimilation Theory Dead?  The Effect of Assimilation on Adolescent Well-Being.”  Social Science Research 37: 109-137.  (doi:10.1016/j.ssresearch.2007.07.003 )
 * Brand, Jennie, and Yu Xie. 2010.  “Who Benefits Most from College? Evidence for Negative Selection in Heterogeneous Economic Returns to Higher Education.”  American Sociological Review 75:273–302.  (doi:10.1177/0003122410363567)
 * Xie, Yu, and Alexandra A. Killewald. Forthcoming. “Intergenerational Occupational Mobility in Britain and the U.S. Since 1850: Comment.” American Economic Review. NIHMSID: NIHMS440166.

Demography
Besides methodological contributions in his early career, Xie has also engaged in substantive studies on fertility, mortality, migration, and the family. His collaborative work with Arland Thornton and William Axinn in Marriage and Cohabitation evaluated various determinants of marriage and cohabitation along the individual life course. In a review article on the discipline of demography for Journal of the American Statistical Association, Xie traced the development of statistical methods in population studies. He has also written extensively on immigrants to the U.S.  and their children,  highlighting substantial heterogeneity of the assimilation process due to ethnic origin, local context, and social outcomes.


 * Xie, Yu. 1990.  “What is Natural Fertility?  The Remodeling of a Concept.”  Population Index 56:656-663.
 * Xie, Yu. 1991.  “Model Fertility Schedules Revisited: The Log-Multiplicative Model Approach.”  Social Science Research 20:355-368.  (doi:10.1016/0049-089X(91)90018-X)
 * Xie, Yu and Ellen Efron Pimentel. 1992.  “Age Patterns of Marital Fertility: Revising the Coale-Trussell Method.”  Journal of the American Statistical Association 87:977-984.  (doi:10.2307/2290634)
 * Frey, William H., Kao-Lee Liaw, Yu Xie, and Marcia J. Carlson. 1996.  “Interstate Migration of the US Poverty Population: Immigration ‘Pushes’ and Welfare Magnet ‘Pulls’”  Population and Environment 17:491-536.  (http://www.jstor.org/stable/27503494)
 * Shauman, Kimberlee A. and Yu Xie. 1996.  “Geographic Mobility of Scientists: Sex Differences and Family Constraints.”  Demography 33:455-468.  (doi: 10.2307/2061780)
 * Lin, Ge and Yu Xie. 1998.  “The Loglinear Modeling of Interstate Migration: Some Additional Considerations.” American Sociological Review 63: 900-907.  (doi:10.2307/2657509)
 * Xie, Yu. 2000. “Demography: Past, Present, and Future.” Journal of the American Statistical Association 95:670-673.
 * Xie, Yu, and Kimberly Goyette. 2003.  “Social Mobility and the Educational Choices of Asian Americans.”  Social Science Research 32:467-498.  (doi:10.10 16/S0049-089X(03)00018-8)
 * Thornton, Arland, William Axinn, and Yu Xie. 2007.  Marriage and Cohabitation.  Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
 * Zhu, Haiyan, and Yu Xie. 2007. “Socioeconomic Differentials in Mortality among the Oldest Old in China.”  Research on Aging 29: 125-143.  (doi:10.1177/0164027506296758)
 * Greenman, Emily and Yu Xie. 2008.  “Is Assimilation Theory Dead?  The Effect of Assimilation on Adolescent Well-Being.”  Social Science Research 37: 109-137.  (doi:10.1016/j.ssresearch.2007.07.003 )
 * Xie, Yu and Emily Greenman. 2011. “The Social Context of Assimilation: Testing Implications of Segmented Assimilation Theory.” Social Science Research 40:965-984.  (doi:10.1016/j.ssresearch.2011.01.004)
 * Xie, Yu and Margaret Gough. 2011.  “Ethnic Enclaves and the Earnings of Immigrants.”  Demography.  48: 1293-1315 (doi: 10.1007/s13524-011-0058-8).

China Studies
Xie’s research on China focuses mainly on documenting and explaining social inequalities in Chinese society. He has identified important stratifying mechanisms such as temporal and geographic regimes, as well as work unit (a.k.a. danwei), the unique collective agent in the distribution of income and benefits in urban China. His research on the Chinese family and demography includes aging and mortality, household resources distribution, marriage patterns, and household division of labor. In addition, Xie has contributed to Chinese social history, ranging from the influences of the Cultural Revolution on sent-down youths to the dual accountability of state officials in the Han Dynasty.


 * Xie, Yu and Emily Hannum. 1996.  “Regional Variation in Earnings Inequality in Reform-Era Urban China.”  American Journal of Sociology 101:950-992.
 * Hauser, Seth and Yu Xie. 2005.  “Temporal and Regional Variation in Earnings Inequality: Urban China in Transition between 1988 and 1995.”  Social Science Research: 34:44-79.  (doi:10.1016/j.ssresearch.2003.12.002)
 * Zhu, Haiyan, and Yu Xie. 2007. “Socioeconomic Differentials in Mortality among the Oldest Old in China.”  Research on Aging 29: 125-143.  (doi:10.1177/0164027506296758)
 * Chu, C. Y. Cyrus, Yu Xie, and Ruoh-rong Yu. 2007.  “Effects of Sibship Structure Revisited:  Evidence from Intra-Family Resource Transfer in Taiwan.”  Sociology of Education 80:91-113.  (doi:10.1177/003804070708000201)
 * Xie, Yu, Yang Jiang, and Emily Greenman. 2008.  “Did Send-Down Experience Benefit Youth? A Reevaluation of the Social Consequences of Forced Urban-Rural Migration during China’s Cultural Revolution.” Social Science Research 37: 686-700.  (doi:10.1016/j.ssresearch.2007.08.002)
 * Xie, Yu and Xiaogang Wu. 2008.   “Danwei Profitability and Earnings Inequality in Urban China.”  The China Quarterly 195:558-581.  (doi:10.1017/S0305741008000775)
 * Xie, Yu and Haiyan Zhu. 2009.  “Do Sons or Daughters Give More Money to Parents in Urban China?”  Journal of Marriage and Family 71:174-186.  (doi:10.1111/j.1741-3737.2008.00588.x)
 * Xie, Yu, Qing Lai, and Xiaogang Wu. 2009.  “Danwei and Social Inequality in Contemporary Urban China.”  Sociology of Work (edited by Lisa Keister) 19:283-306.  (doi:10.1108/S0277-2833(2009)0000019013)
 * Xie, Yu. 2010.  “Understanding Inequality in China (认识中国的不平等)” (in Chinese).  Society《社会》(in Chinese)  30(3):1-20.
 * Chu, C. Y. Cyrus, Yu Xie, and Ruoh-rong Yu. 2011.  “Coresidence with Elderly Parents: A Comparative Study of Southeast China and Taiwan.”  Journal of Marriage and Family 73:120-135.  (doi:10.1111/j.1741-3737.2010.00793.x)
 * Xie, Yu and Miranda Brown. 2011.  “Between Heaven and Earth: Dual Accountability of East Han Chinese Bureaucrats (天地之间：东汉官员的双重责任).”  Society 《社会》(in Chinese) 4:1-28.
 * Xie, Yu. 2011. “Evidence-Based Research on China: A Historical Imperative.” Chinese Sociological Review 44 (1):14-25.
 * Yu, Jia and Yu Xie. 2012.  “The Varying Display of “Gender Display.”  Chinese Sociological Review 44 (2): 5-30.
 * Xie, Yu, Arland Thornton, Guangzhou Wang, and Qing Lai. 2012. “Societal Projection: Beliefs Concerning the Relationship between Development and Inequality in China.”  Social Science Research 41:1069-1084.  (doi:10.1016/j.ssresearch.2012.04.001). NIHMSID: NIHMS369809
 * Mu, Zheng and Yu Xie. Forthcoming. “Marital Age Homogamy in China: A Reversal of Trend in the Reform Era?” Social Science Research.

Xie is instrumental in promoting the development of empirical sociology in China today. Since the 2000s, he has frequently visited and worked at various universities in China. Over the years, he has trained a large number of Chinese students and young scholars in Michigan, Hong Kong, and Beijing. At Peking University, in particular, he has organized summer schools and academic conferences on social science methodology, directed the CFPS data collection project, and founded the Social Research Center as a premier research center dedicated to conducting empirical sociological research on contemporary China.

Sociology of Science
Xie has published two books on American science. Xie’s 2003 book with Kimberlee Shauman examined the educational and career pathways of women scientists and was well received in the science community. Unfortunately, a misinterpretation of the results from the book by Lawrence Summers led Summers to a controversy that might have contributed to his resigning his position as president of Harvard University. His 2012 book with Alexandra Killewald assesses the state of American science, drawing on systematic data from a large range of sources on science education and occupations in the U.S. since WWII. The book addresses the debate on whether American science has been in decline. More recently, he has been interested in the development of science in China.
 * Xie, Yu and Kimberlee A. Shauman. 2003.  Women in Science: Career Processes and Outcomes.  Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
 * Xie, Yu and Alexandra A. Killewald. 2012.  Is American Science in Decline? Harvard University Press.

Professional Recognitions

 * Fellowship Invitation, Center for Advanced Study in the Behavioral Sciences (1990).
 * Spencer Fellowship, National Academy of Education (1991-1992).
 * Young Investigator Award, National Science Foundation (1992-1997).
 * Faculty Scholar Award, William T. Grant Foundation (1994-1999).
 * Member, Sociological Research Association (1997).
 * Chair, Section on Sociological Methodology, the American Sociological Association (2001-2003).
 * Guggenheim Fellowship, John Simon Guggenheim Memorial Foundation (2002-2003).
 * Fellow, American Academy of Arts and Science (2004).
 * Academician, Academia Sinica, Taiwan (2004).
 * Distinguished Lecturer Award, the Center for the Study of Women, Science, and Technology (WST), Georgia Institute of Technology (2006).
 * Clifford C. Clogg Award, Population Association of America (2008).
 * Zhu Kezhen Distinguished Lecturer, Zhejiang University, China (2008).
 * Member, National Academy of Sciences (2009).
 * Wei-Lun Visiting Professorship, Chinese University of Hong Kong (2010).
 * The Henry and Bryna David Lecture at the National Research Council (April 2013).

Books

 * Powers, Daniel A. and Yu Xie. 2000.  Statistical Methods for Categorical Data Analysis.  New York: Academic Press.
 * Powers, Daniel A. and Yu Xie. 2008.  Statistical Methods for Categorical Data Analysis, Second Edition.  Howard House, England: Emerald.
 * Chinese translation: 《分类数据分析的统计方法》（第2版）. 北京: 社会科学文献出版社, 2009.
 * Xie, Yu and Kimberlee A. Shauman. 2003.  Women in Science: Career Processes and Outcomes.  Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
 * Reviewed in Science (2003), Nature (2004), Choice (2004), and Contemporary Sociology (2005).
 * 2005 ''Choice Magazine Outstanding Academic Title.
 * Xie, Yu and Kimberly Goyette. 2004.  A Demographic Portrait of Asian Americans.  New York: Russell Sage Foundation and Population Reference Bureau.
 * Scott, Jacqueline L. and Yu Xie (editors). 2005.  Quantitative Social Science, Sage Benchmarks in Social Research Methods.  London: Sage.
 * Xie, Yu. 2006.  Sociological Methodology and Quantitative Research 《社会学方法与定量研究》(in Chinese).  Social Sciences Academic Press.  Beijing, China.  社会科学文献出版社.
 * Thornton, Arland, William Axinn, and Yu Xie. 2007.  Marriage and Cohabitation.  Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
 * 2008 Outstanding Publication Award of the Section on Aging and the Life Course of the American Sociological Association.
 * Xie, Yu (Editor). 2007.  Sociological Methodology Vol. 37.  Washington D.C.: American Sociological Association.
 * Xie, Yu (Editor). 2008.  Sociological Methodology Vol. 38.  Washington D.C.: American Sociological Association.
 * Xie, Yu (Editor). 2009.  Sociological Methodology Vol. 39.  Washington D.C.: American Sociological Association.
 * Xie, Yu. 2010.  Regression Analysis 《回归分析》(in Chinese).  Social Sciences Academic Press.  Beijing, China.  社会科学文献出版社.
 * Xie, Yu and Alexandra A. Killewald. 2012.  Is American Science in Decline? Harvard University Press.