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A critical analysis managing productivity and performance to increase profit, alongside human resource within organizations with consideration for the sustainability of the planet.

Introduction An analysis of productivity involves enhanced performance resulting in profitability. Emphasis is placed on operation management within a company as a key factor for assessing same (Bellgran and Saften, 2009 et al). Research has shown guidelines and regulations are also put in place to address any concerns that may impact economically, socially and environmentally to companies which would affect the triple bottom line (Joan Rodon, 2013 et al). Human Resource is assigned the task of managing the most important resource of a company, its employees, ensuring company’s goal and objectives are achieved (Byars and Rue,2006). Business performance is assessed by analyzing the expectations of the employees hence achieving the goals and objectives of the company (Maha Hanno 2017). Strategic management implements policies and guidelines for the protection of the rights of workers, the environment and also aids in the success of company goals (Schmidt Albinger & Freeman, 2000).

Analysis (Geraldo Ferrer,2009) states sustainable operations management focuses on the objectives of the triple bottom line which includes internal and external factors regarding the supply chain. These aspects minimize negative environmental impact, management of employees and protection of the environment, improving efficiency to eliminate waste, purchasing, supply chain management, structured organization, management of performance and risk (Helen Walker ,2014 et al). Corporate social responsibility within a company is of utmost importance.

Total Quality Management (TQM) Quality is one of the most important aspect of a product or process. A company’s existence and sustainability depends on the reputation of its product, process or service. Customer satisfaction determines the success of business operations. Total Quality Management includes all aspects of operations with the aim of producing high quality products that meets customer needs resulting in a competitive advantage for business (Merih Arikkok,2017). Research has shown TQM focuses on the triple bottom line.

Benefits of TQM TQM allows for operations to be improved to create a high quality product and high productivity. Stakeholders consideration increases employee involvement, effectiveness and efficiency. Training and development to improve production procedures are put in place enhancing job performance increasing employee morale, staff empowerment and employee commitment to achieve common goals of the company ( Henrik Eriksson 2002). TQM allows for the company to be customer focused. Also TQM encourages a company to be innovative focusing on product advancement and environmentally safe products (Bongani Ngwenya 2016).

Challenges of TQM (Clinton O Longenecker 1996) theorizes the organizational structure of a company can hinder TQM. Some companies are not as advanced to deal with a changing environment. Also research has shown the focus on productivity puts a strain on employees where companies have not adapted to advance in technology, lack of training programmes, recognition and reward initiatives. Also limited resources in varying aspects of the operations hinders this process as the task could be very complicated.As a result employees may feel demotivated. (Bongani Ngwenya 2016).

Environmental Stewardship Environmental stewardship focuses on stakeholders both internal and external to the company engaging in precautionary measures to protect the environment. This philosophy epitomizes an individual or company taking responsibility for their actions. This attribute refers to protection of the environment on recycling initiatives, conservation, regeneration and restoration (Nathan James Benett,2018 et al).

Benefits of Environmental Stewardship This approach encourages the efficient use of resources reducing operation cost. Energy intensity is minimized in the production of good and services. Non toxic, recycled materials are used resulting in environmentally friendly goods and services aiding in less pollution. Health and safety of workers are promoted, boosting employee morale and the community awareness resulting in customer satisfaction. Also employees are empowered and motivated to work to increase productivity. Employee recognition and reward incentives would be encoraged (Tor Guimaraes 1996).

Challenges of Environmental Stewardship However, research has also shown that many companies lack the resources to engage in environmental friendly processes. Training and investment initiatives would be needed and the transition may be time consuming (Charles T.Driscoll,2012 et al). Due to change within the environment, productivity would be affected, loss of jobs, low earnings and profit. Policies and programmes would have to be implemented to adapt to a changing world of innovation and planetary concerns (Sachi Arakawa 2018 et al). In a changing environment ,environmental stewardship theories is imperative to the sustainance of organizations due to the green house effect. Companies of the 21st century needs to put policies and procedures in place to address same.

Process Safety Management (PSM) Process safety management is identifying and controlling risk within a company preventing a negative effect on all stakeholders. Management applies a strategic approach to reduce the risk of hazardous events occurring (Paul R. Amyotte, 2007 et al). Research has shown the prevention of risks has become a business strategy for sustainable business focusing on the triple bottom line (Craig Faris,2013 et al).

Benefits of Process Safety Management Management has to abide by regulations put in place for process safety management at their companies. This reduces insurance and liability costs. The non-usage of hazardous, toxic and flammable chemicals are noted resulting in employees safety reducing costs from injuries and illnesses improving employee performance (William G Bridges 1994). Employee relations is enhanced. PSM allows for effective and efficient functions of operations resulting in optimal production. Also PSM reduces the risk of environmental damage. Consequently worker performance would be enhanced resulting in increased performance and ultimately increased profit.

Challenges of Process Safety Management Research shows there is additional administrative cost to PSM .Lack of resources ,cost of training and safety management processes will increase. Due to the changing environment organizations would have to adapt to change ( Francisco Sperotto Flores 2017 et al).

Business Process Reengineering (BPR) BPR seeks to transform business operations with new advancements. This initiative reduces operations cost resulting in increased productivity. It enhances strategic initiatives to be implemented into business operations. It also aligns information technology initiatives which reduces a number of checks, controls and reconciliation processes (Peter O’Neill ,1999 et al).

Challenges of BPR BPR can be hindered due to lack of resources. Increase cost to management regarding transforming operations. Increase cost to train employees and job security concerns. Both internal and external stakeholders are affected by the BPR processes ( Vishanth Weerakkody ,2011 et al).

Data Analytics in Sustainable Operations Management Data analysis plays a major factor in gathering information which guides management to making strategic decisions to improve operations to achieve company’s goals and objectives. This allows access to information to improve service to external and internal stakeholders of a company (Tsan-Ming Choi,2017 et al). Sustainable companies depends on data analysis to address the concerns of the triple bottom line.

Human Resource Management (HRM) In any organization the role of human resource is of utmost importance. HR has the function of recruiting, hiring, onboarding, training and firing and administering employee benefits. It is theorized the success and effectiveness of an organization is determined by the strategic and sustainable management of human resource. HR seeks to apply policies and procedures to develop and manage staff to achieve high performance and high productivity (Bratton & Gold 2007). Performance Management initiatives are enforced to achieve short, medium and long term goals (Jamie A. Gruman 2011). The implementation of HRM procedures and policies focuses on financial, social and ecological goals, the triple bottom line (Ehnert et al 2016).

Strategic Human Resource Management (SHRM) SHRM aligns the objectives of HR with achievement of company goals and objectives. They use the skills of HR to assist the operations of the business (Wayne F Cascio,2015). The responsibility of SHRM is to ensure the company has trained and motivated employees to achieve high performance and have a competitive advantage for sustainability ( Boxall,1996).SHRM deals with issues at board level relating to change and culture, organizational effectiveness and performance.

HRM and Profit HRM allows for company’s to achieve goals and objective through high performance and productivity. Reduce cost to management. Financial growth and upliftment of employee mindset. Training and development of employees to progress.

HRM and Environment Relationship commitment provides the basis for coping with social, environmental and economic challenges. Partnership amongst businesses creating a competitive advantage. Apart from the financial gain within a company ,HR has the power to implement policies for environmental advantage against pollution. Reduction in wastage of resources and non usage of toxic and hazardous materials (Eva Carmona-Moreno,2012 et al).

HRM and People Business growth and success is dependent on a dynamic engaged workforce. HR assist with same by training and development programmes and benefits boosting employee morale.

Conclusion It is evident that the operations of an organization needs to be managed in order to achieve set goals and objectives. Employee performance is crucial due to employees being the number one resource. The function of Human Resource is pivotal to manage same. Companies is required to monitor and analyze feedback from stakeholders to progress. The effects of an organization on the triple bottom line is of paramount importance for future sustainability.

Recommendations It is recommended that companies invest in performance management strategies to enhance the skills of their employees. Training plans and initiatives such as rewards and benefits should be put in place to boost employee morale. Companies should have performance management appraisals done in a timely manner to assess shortfalls. Also data analysis initiatives should be put in place to assess views of all stakeholders.