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In term of dietary, there are numbers of “high fat diet-HFD” experiments have done in rodents realizing the difficulties in interpreting the literature composition of high fat diet into actual experiment.

With varied sources and types of fat, researches have shown the complexity of defining a model of a high fat diet that can be both resemble human meals and quantifiable accurately the nutrient contents. In fact, recent studies prefer to use purified ingredients to exams the effect of each dietary on rodents’ metabolism and their phenotype.

There is significant variation in the results appearing in either experimental rodents that were fed with high fat diets made up from different ingredients and from purified ingredient. Moreover, the sources of fat were diverse from butter, beef tallow, and lard, to vegetable and fish oils. The weight gaining effects on mice when feeding those with high beef fat diet is 1.38 times more remarkable than feeding them with canola oil.

Additionally, they both can be found in rodents’ and humans’ diets. Researchers have created the study models of high carbohydrate and high proteins. However, the variation in the results of those models has caused the difficulties to interpret and find the relation to human case. According to a review on Nutrition & Diet, there were number of studies ignoring the nutrient composition differences between the control and the high fat diets, but comparing the phenotypes expression of these two groups to conclude the influence of hypercaloric diets in causing obesity.

Similar to fat (lipid), the sources of protein and carbohydrate are also essential contributors to the outcomes of high fat diets and control diets rodents group. For instance, casein causes more weight gain compared to soy. Moreover, different mouse strains can express contradicting results, even though they are both fed with same protein and carbohydrate ratios.

In addition to protein, Fructose, a carbohydrate, has impact on fat deposition, plasma insulin, leptin, thyroid, estradiol, and corticosterone levels, lipogenesis, and lipolysis in the adipose tissue of the rat. “Glucose-sweetened beverages,” however, did not caused as significant infulence as “fructose-sweetened beverages” in promoting visceral adipose, gaining weight, interupting lipid syntheses, and damaging lipoprotien rebulding process.

Given the diversity in human food and each human individually distinguished metabolic capacity, the results of testing the diet induce obesity in rodents are limited in term of translatability. Furthermore, dietary components would provide a spectrum of results since both type of diets one with the combination of each ingredients and one with each individual ingredients would alter different impact on the metabolism of the body.