User:Laurahuynh17/sandbox

Articles
Sector: Peer Mentoring

Place: Asian Americans

Sector: Peer Mentoring
Sector: Peer Mentoring

- Advantages in High Education/Criticism

Place: Demographics of Asian Americans

- Everything seem relevant, but some of the charts and data collection seems to be last drawn around 2010 or 2012. Possible because that was the last time that a census took place?

- Article is neutral.

- Under subheading "education," I noticed that they barely approach the subject of the model minority and how it affects Southeast Asian communities in America. The article focuses on East Asian matters more.

- Cited links are working.

- Not sure if this counts as a place if it is demographic based and the entire US?

Talk page: Interestingly enough, the first comment was on the inaccuracy of SE Asian experiences, which I noted above. It is voted a "good article."

It is supported by WikiProjects Asian American.

Area: Asian Americans
Asian Americans (PLACE)

Look at stereotypes/model minority myth and how it affects Southeast Asian and South Asian youth populations in America.

Asian American Page

 * 1) Add information to Education under Cultural influence section.
 * 2) *Use Area sources
 * 3) *Update: Did not add, because section is quantitative data.
 * 4) Add information to Model minority under Racial stereotypes in Social and political issues.
 * 5) *Use Area/Sector intersection sources
 * 6) *Added: Many Asian Americans have taken to attaching the term "myth" after "model minority," thus encouraging discourse regarding how the concept and stereotype is harmful to Asian American communities and ethnic groups.
 * 7) Add information to Business.
 * 8) * Added: Although many Asian Americans went on to become small business owners, Southeast Asians were statistically on the low-income earning end. Asian Americans have started convenience and grocery stores, professional offices such as medical and law practices, laundries, restaurants, beauty-related ventures, hi-tech companies, and many other kinds of enterprises, becoming very successful and influential in American society.

Peer Mentoring Page

 * 1) Add information to In higher education under In education.
 * 2) *During the last decade, peer mentoring has expanded and is found in most colleges and universities, frequently as a means to outreach, retain, and recruit minority students.
 * 3) *Added: Many organizations on college and university campuses have created peer mentorship programs to provide retention to fellow students who have similar struggles in academics or backgrounds.

Annotated Bibliography

 * Dennis, Jessica M.; Phinney, Jean S.; Chuateco, Lizette Ivy (2005-05-19). "The Role of Motivation, Parental Support, and Peer Support in the Academic Success of Ethnic Minority First-Generation College Students". Journal of College Student Development. 46 (3): 223–236. doi:10.1353/csd.2005.0023. ISSN 1543-3382.
 * The authors describe ethnic minority first-generation college students as "at-risk students" who have higher dropping out rates and low performances. In one of the research methods executed, the authors receive data from certain ethnic populations in order to come to a conclusion at which identities struggle more with classwork. It is interesting to see that the researchers grouped all Asian Americans together and did not disaggregate the data by Southeast Asians, South Asians, or East Asians. Each group of Asian ethnicities have vastly different success rates in education as well as the workforce, which the research and data collection done in this research fails to prove and support. This reading will provide good support in to the argument I want to make of the dangers of the model minority to Asian American first-generation students. Peer mentoring can provide support to South and Southeast students who have historically low parental support and grew up on "tough love", which numbers and collected data cannot possible display.
 * KaYing, Yang, (2004/00/00). "Southeast Asian American Children: Not the "Model Minority"". Future of Children. 14 (2). ISSN 1054-8289.
 * KaYing writes about how Southeast Asian American Children and students fall into the mold and stereotype of Asians being the "model minority." Southeast Asian Americans have vastly different narratives from East Asians, but their struggles do not have any visibility in politics. To truly understand and break through the stereotype, researchers must look at the disaggregated data that paints the picture of difference among Asian ethnicities and communities. KaYing presents recent research and data gathered about Asian Americans in the American education system, but all of the graphs and data collected are under "Asian Americans" as an entire umbrella term. By using "Asian Americans" to describe all the Asian American ethnicities and identities, it is dangerous to Southeast Asians who do not have as many resources as East Asians do. In KaYing's description, Southeast Asians are the folks who are from the countries of Laos, Vietnam, and Cambodia. Using this reading will provide great background support to the research I am trying to do. I hope to make the distinction between the different experiences, which seems to be lacking in the already established pages. For example, the peer mentoring page needs more insight and explanation on why people of color and Asian Americans may need the peer mentoring as guidance, especially since many are first generation students who cannot receive guidance from their parents.
 * Museus, Samuel D.; Kiang, Peter N. (2009-03). "Deconstructing the model minority myth and how it contributes to the invisible minority reality in higher education research". New Directions for Institutional Research. 2009(142): 5–15. doi:10.1002/ir.292. ISSN 0271-0579.
 * The research done by Samuel D. Museus and Peter N. Kiang immediately tackles the faults of the model minority and the roots that have proved to be malicious. Their work works to deconstruct the model minority myth through five misconceptions: "Asian Americans Are All the Same", "Asian Americans Are Not Really Racial and Ethnic Minorities", "Asian Americans Do Not Encounter Major Challenges Because of Their Race", "Asian Americans Do Not Seek or Require Resources and Support", and "College Degree Completion Is Equivalent to Success." Museus and Kiang are making the argument that the model minority myth ignores the historical narratives that are personal to each and every Asian American. On top of that, the concept erases the inherent racism that Asian Americans have to face everyday while trying to make a living and survice in America. Though the model minority was created in order to praise Asian Americans as "hardworking," it is a false perception that hard work equates to success because it ignores all the racial and social barriers and the lack of upward mobility and job market for Asian Americans, specifically first generation students.
 * Palmer, Robert T.; Maramba, Dina C. (2015). "The Impact of Social Capital on the Access, Adjustment, and Success of Southeast Asian American College Students". Journal of College Student Development. 56 (1): 45–60. doi:10.1353/csd.2015.0007. ISSN 1543-338.
 * Palmer's and Maramba's work and research is on the very specific impact of social capital on Southeast Asian American College Students. Unlike some of the other sources which look at Asian Americans or Pacific Islanders as a whole under ethnic minority in higher education, Palmer and Maramba focus on the Southeast Asian American community within the Asian American Pacific Islander identity. They explain that there is an extra layer of "diversity" within AAPI. Like Museus and Kiang, they give a breakdown of Asian populations in higher education and draw attention to the low numbers of students from Southeast Asian backgrounds. Social capital has the ability to maintain hegemony and powerand has been historically used on students of color in higher education institutions. In Palmer's and Maramba's questionnaire experiment, they found that Southeast Asian students display the needs for "caring agents" and "supportive organizations and student services" on campus for recruitment and retention. Their findings prove that extra resources must be available for these students because they have a lot of societal barriers that they must face in order to prevail in the higher education system, and that peer mentoring and a strong support system are the best resources that can be offered.
 * Wu, Ellen (2015). The Color of Success: Asian Americans and the Origins of the Model Minority. Princeton University Press; Reprint edition. ISBN 9780691168029.
 * Ellen Wu tackles the historical development of how Asian Americans started off as land laborers, before becoming what she describes as the "model minority." The rise of the model minority also correlated with the rise of anti-blackness within Asian communities. A lot of it had to do with cultural assimilation and how many groups of Asian Americans started to follow “orientalism” and assimilated to European and American ways of life. After a century of being discriminated against, Chinese and Japanese immigrants used the cold war era as a time to blend into american traditions while abandoning their own. Ina Sugihara experienced marginalization because of her marriage to an African American man, but she was only one of the many who understand that solidarity comes in many forms. Wu describes the phenomena of Asian Americans being "othered" and "praised" simultaneously by white Americans - othered when Asian Americans are too successful that it proves a threat and "praised" as the model minority when they want to bring other ethnic minorities down. In the 20th century, white people saw Asian Americans as "not white", but also as "not black."
 * Yen Le, Espiritu (2007). Asian American Women and Men: Labor, Laws,and Love. Rowman & Littlefield Publishers; Second Edition. ISBN 0742560619.
 * Yen Le Espiritu explains the “language barriers, cultural differences, limited economic opportunities, and the sheer pressure of daily survival” that post-war immigrants carried with them on their shoulders in her novel. Espiritu also discusses the impact of World War II and the postwar effects on Asian American families. In her exploration of the war, she focuses on Japanese families and how internment camps created a new cultural distinction between the Nissei and Issei. Japanese American Women felt less obligation to cater to their husbands, and Japanese American children felt the same way towards their parents. While the Japanese American were in internment camps, public attitude towards other Asians such as the Chinese or the Filipino increased due to their alliance with America during the war. There was also an increase in Asian American women in the second waved of Asian immigration to America. Although many Asians went on to become small business owners, Southeast Asians were statistically on the low-income earning end. Women were also rarely co-owners of family business, and could even be seen as unpaid laborers as their husbands were often referred to as the bosses. When women did make more than their husbands in industries such as the health industry, their husbands would feel threatened and insulted and often want to return back to Asia, where they saw women as more respectful.

"Observing a Student Peer-Mentoring Activity through Symbolic Interactionism and Functional Linguistics"

This article is a case study of the author observing how the function of peer mentoring can be beneficial to students. What body language and setting is best for teaching and learning?

"School -based mentor programs: An examination of youth -centered mentoring and relationship satisfaction"

This work was is a dissertation as a requirement for philosophy in education graduate division at the University of California, Berkeley. The author studied the youth from the after-school program collaborative between Big Brothers/Big Sisters of Santa Clara Valley and the Campbell (San Jose) Union School District. They reserached the mentor/mentee relationship. This article will be helpful because I, myself, will be playing the role of the mentor to a mentee. I do not know if I will be participating in a one-on-one mentorship like the case of this study, but this paper will help me to understand the important styles in which relationships are built.

"After-School Programs to Promote Positive Youth Development"

This novel follows summer learning programs and after-school settings, supported by 5 case studies. By using this resource, I can laern more about the challenges that a mentor and host of an after-school program faces when trying to connect with youth at different times of a school year. As someone who has personally attended both after-school programs and summer school programs - and disliked both, I am itnerested to see what points are made in this novel that will help me learn how to make a better experience for the mentees that I will be working with.

Laotian Daughters: Working Toward Community, Belonging, and Environmental Justice.

This novel by Bindi Shah analyzes the political mobilization of the Laotian community - specifically through young girls - in the Richmond and how immigrant families have settled into these diverse communities despite their citizenship. She explores the citizenship as a practice, and observes the difference in active practice versus passive practice. The young girls are easy learn and show great concern and passion for their education. Unlike their parents, they see the value in higher education and participate in programs organized by nonprofits such as APEN that empower them to use their full potential.

The Managed Hand: Race, Gender, and The Body in Beauty Service Work.

Millian Kang writes about the Korean American nail salon and spa businesses centered in New York City. She studies three shops, “Downtown”, “Uptown”, and “Crosstown” over the course of one year. Over the year, Kang gathers information on interpersonal relationships between the workers and customers, the racialization of Korean women in the industry, the model minority myth, and the Yellow Peril.

Asian American Dreams: the Emergence of an American People.

A lot of Asian American immigrants treasured the concept of the American Dream. It was “the classic immigrant story of survival: work hard and sacrifice for the family, keep a low profile, don't complain, and, perhaps in the next generation, attain the American dream(Zia, 63).” The first generation of Vietnamese Americans who were unable to achieve the American dream for themselves end up pushing it towards their children. Perhaps, this is why higher education is so valued in Vietnamese families.

Today’s Youth and Mental Health Hope, Power, and Resilience

Soheila Pashang, Nazilla Khanlou, and Jennifer Clarke's novel and researched encompassed more information on the youth beyond Asian experiences. They do a fantastic job at comparing people of color's experiences as refugees and immigrants without belittling and invalidating other experiences. The youth have to deal with trauma that transcends from generation to generation. Though the main focus on reserach was in Canada, the generational narratives could be transferable to the Asian American second generation experience.

"Legacies of Immigration: Children of Immigrants' Experiences Navigating Higher Education"

The study was done by Fanny PF Yeung for their Doctor of Philisophy in Education at the University of California, Los Angeles. They study the lives of second generation children outside of school, by looking at tradition and culture, and how it forms new responsibilities that white Americans do not have to face. Like Pashang et al., they do not focus on the Asian American experience, but an overall look into children of immigrants. There are close studies of Southeast Asian American students that I will be able to use to guide me in my research.

"Mentoring the leader: The role of peer mentoring in the leadership development of students -of -color in higher education"

Connie Rose Tingson-Gatuz explores how certan ethnic groups and student of colors become developed in a most White landscape and education system. She studies 17 students in the Midwest and observes how they may become leadrs through peer mentorship. She learns that encouragement and empowerment are important tools in establishing confidence in society and in college.

Sources for Peer Mentoring Page (Sector) -- 7 sources
"Observing a Student Peer-Mentoring Activity through Symbolic Interactionism and Functional Linguistics"

http://methods.sagepub.com.libproxy.berkeley.edu/case/observing-student-peer-mentoring-interactionism-functional-linguistics

"School -based mentor programs: An examination of youth -centered mentoring and relationship satisfaction"

https://search-proquest-com.libproxy.berkeley.edu/docview/305341074

"After-School Programs to Promote Positive Youth Development"

springer-com.libproxy.berkeley.edu/book/10.1007%2F978-3-319-59141-4

"The Impact of Social Capital on the Access, Adjustment, and Success of Southeast Asian American College Students"

https://muse-jhu-edu.libproxy.berkeley.edu/article/566965?

"The Role of Motivation, Parental Support, and Peer Support in the Academic Success of Ethnic Minority First-Generation College Students"

https://muse-jhu-edu.libproxy.berkeley.edu/article/182831?

"Southeast Asian American Children: Not the "Model Minority"

https://eric.ed.gov/?id=EJ795838

"Mentoring the leader: The role of peer mentoring in the leadership development of students -of -color in higher education"

https://search.proquest.com/docview/304952859

Sources for Asian Americans Page (Area) -- 8 sources
"Deconstructing the model minority myth and how it contributes to the invisible minority reality in higher education research"

https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/ir.292

"Asian American Women and Men: Labor, Laws, and Love."

"The Color of Sucess: Asian Americans and the Origins of the Model Minority."

'''Shah, Bindi V. 2012. Laotian Daughters: Working Toward Community, Belonging, and Environmental Justice. Philadelphia: Temple University Press'''.

'''Kang, Miliann. 2010. The Managed Hand: Race, Gender, and The Body in Beauty Service Work. Berkeley: University of California Press.'''

'Zia, Helen.'' Asian American Dreams : the Emergence of an American People. New York :Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 2000. Print'''.

Today’s Youth and Mental Health Hope, Power, and Resilience

https://link-springer-com.libproxy.berkeley.edu/book/10.1007%2F978-3-319-64838-5

Legacies of Immigration: Children of Immigrants' Experiences Navigating Higher Education

https://search.proquest.com/docview/909993028