User:LazyStarryNights/Historical dance project

This is a spin off from User:LazyStarryNights/List of compositions project

Purpose

 * Category:Dance forms in classical music and Category:Historical dance:
 * Add missing dances.
 * Merge some articles.
 * Minor updates to dances.

Work in progress

 * Mergers
 * Follow up on merger proposals:
 * Contradanza into Habanera (music), see WIP: User:LazyStarryNights/Habanera (music)
 * Canarie (dance) and Canario (dance) into Canary (dance), see WIP: User:LazyStarryNights/Canary (dance)
 * Scan Also subcat Early dance‎ (22 P) and Renaissance dance‎ (28 P, 1 F)
 * Should Ballet be added to Dance forms in classical music?
 * See Talk:Dumka (musical genre)
 * Could dances be having infoboxes wih years, area etc... and categories for all periods? eg see Regency dance and Shakespearean dance
 * Check whether old cuban dances are in hisorical dance

List of lists

 * List of dances
 * List of dance style categories
 * List of ethnic, regional, and folk dances by origin

English country / contra dance / danza / danse .... anglaise / anglais / angloise / engelska / quadrille / square dance / hornpipe / etc etc
Propose merger for Angloise, Anglais (or should be Anglaise?), Engelska? Angloise appears to be old French, see http://www.dolmetsch.com/defsa7.htm as already linked from one of these pages. Also http://imslp.org/index.php?title=Category:Anglaises suggest these are the same by listing titles with all of these 3 under Anglaise. Further investigate Country dance vs Contra dance and also vs IMSLP
 * Another option: Merge Angloise, Anglais, and Engelska into English country dance.
 * See also Hornpipe, which has a link to Country dance
 * Idem Écossaise (in French: Scottish) is a type of contra dance ...
 * And another look a like: English country dance and Scottish country dance

These all are confused and imprecisely defined in WP and sources referenced by WP.

I'll start to gather the data here:

http://en.wikisource.org/wiki/A_Dictionary_of_Music_and_Musicians/Contredanse

CONTREDANSE (Engl. country-dance, Ger. contretanz). A dance of English origin, which was introduced into France in the Regency, 1715–23, and has since become very popular. The music to the contredanse is of a lively character; it is written either in 2-4 or in 6-8 time, and consists uniformly of eight-bar phrases, each of which is usually repeated. '''The name probably arose from the fact that the dancers were ranged over against (contre) one another. The English term 'country-dance' is probably a mere adaptation'''. Beethoven has written twelve contredanses for orchestra, from one of which he developed the finale of his 'Eroica' symphony. Mozart has also left a large number of specimens of this class of composition. A series of five or six contredanses forms a Quadrille.

http://en.wikisource.org/wiki/The_New_International_Encyclop%C3%A6dia/Quadrille_(dance)

QUADRILLE, kwȧ-drĭl' (Fr., square). A dance of French origin, consisting of consecutive dance movements, generally five in number, danced by couples, or sets of couples. opposite to and at right angles to one another. The name is derived from the fact that the dancers are arranged into squares consisting each of four couples. The dance originated in the French ballets of the eighteenth century and was almost immediately adopted by society. Its modern form dates from the beginning of the nineteenth century. The names of the figures are: Le pantalon, l'eté, la poule, la pastourelle, or la trenise, and la finale. The music accompanying these figures alternates between triple and duple time, 3-8, or 6-8, and 2-4. Musard was the most distinguished composer of quadrille music, and under his treatment it became for a time one of the art forms. In the American quadrille there are five figures: (1) La promenade, (2) les moulinets, (3) les chevaux de bois, (4) la passe, and (5) la corbeille; but these all vary greatly at different times or places.

http://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Dance

...

Other dances which were naturalized in France were the Écossaise, popular in 1760; the Cotillon, fashionable under Charles X., derived from the peasant branles and danced by ladies in short skirts; the Galop, imported from Germany; the Lancers, invented by Laborde in 1836; the Polka, brought by a dancing-master from Prague in 1840; the Schottische, also Bohemian, first introduced in 1844; the Bourrée, or French clog-dance; the Quadrille, known in the 18th century as the Contre-danse; and the Waltz, which was danced as a volte by Henry III. of France, but only became popular in the beginning of the 19th century.

...

All the true country dances of Great Britain are of an active and lively measure; they may all, indeed, be said to be founded on the jig; and the hornpipe, which is a kind of jig, is the national dance of England. Captain Cook, on his voyages, made his sailors dance hornpipes in calm weather to keep them in good health. A characteristic of English dances was that they partook to a great extent of the nature of games; there was little variety in the steps, which were nearly all those of the jig or hornpipe, but these were incorporated into various games or plays, of which the Morris dances were the most elaborate. '''The modern ballet (q.v.) seems to have been first produced on a considerable scale in 1489 at Tortona, before Duke Galeazzo of Milan. It soon became a common amusement on great occasions at the European courts. The ordinary length was five acts, each containing several entrées, and each entrée containing several quadrilles. '''

...

'''The Quadrille is of some antiquity, and a dance of this kind was first brought to England from Normandy by William the Conqueror, and was common all over Europe in the 16th and 17th centuries. The term quadrille means a kind of card game, and the dance is supposed to be in some way connected with the game. A species of quadrille appeared in a French ballet in 1745, and since that time the dance has gone by that name.''' Like many other dances, it came from Paris to Almack's in 1815, and in its modern form was danced in England for the first time by Lady Jersey, Lady Harriet Butler, Lady Susan Ryder and Miss Montgomery, with Count Aldegarde, Mr Montgomery, Mr Harley and Mr Montague. It immediately became popular. It then consisted of very elaborate steps, which in England have been simplified until the degenerate practice has become common of walking through the dance. The quadrille, properly danced, has many of the graces of the minuet. '''It is often stated that the square dance is of modern French origin. This is incorrect, and probably arises from a mistaken identification of the terms quadrille and square dance. “Dull Sir John” and “Faine I would” were square dances popular in England three hundred years ago. An account of the country-dance, with the names of some of the old dance-tunes, has been given above. '''The word is not, as has been supposed, an adaptation of the French contre-danse, neither is the dance itself French in origin. According to the New English Dictionary, contre-danse is a corruption of “country-dance,” possibly due to a peculiar feature of many of such dances, like Sir Roger de Coverley, where the partners are drawn up in lines opposite to each other. The earliest appearance of the French word is in its application to English dances, which are contrasted with the French; thus in the Memoirs of Grammont, Hamilton says: “On quitta les danses françaises pour se mettre aux contre-danses.” The English “country-dances” were introduced into France in the early part of the 18th century and became popular; later French modifications were brought back to England under the French form of the name, and this, no doubt, caused the long-accepted but confused derivation.'''

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CONT

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-- http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/135429/contredanse --

contredanse, genre of dance for several couples. '''The contredanse was an 18th-century French development of the English country dance and was performed into the 19th century by French, English, and German aristocrats and bourgeoisie. Contredanses at first used only the country dance’s “longways” formations''', in which each couple danced its way to the head of a double line (men on one side, women on the other). At the head of the line, the pair danced a duet before relinquishing the position to the next couple in line. Later contredanses on the Continent appropriated square formations from country dancing; these became the popular cotillion and quadrille. Cooperation was required to execute the various geometric figures of the contredanses because steps were often not standardized; e.g., the longways duet could be performed differently by successive couples.

As a musical form written in 2/4 or 6/8 time, the contredanse was used by Beethoven and Mozart.

--- Conclusions ---

English country dance --

Italian folk dance
References to figure dances similar to English country dances and French Contradanses also appear as early as the first part of the 18th century. Dances of this type from the 18th and 19th centuries in Italy include La Contraddanza, Quadriglia and Il Codiglione. A letter from the English writer and politician Horace Walpole dated 1740 from Florence declares "The Italians are fond to a degree of our country dances"

Mozart and dance
... The contredanse was a form descended from English country dance. Like its ancestor, it was rich in figures (individual movements and patterns) and was popular among all social classes.