User:Lbeelerpstcc/sandbox

Phase 2:

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boston_Massacre As the evening progressed, the crowd around Private White grew larger and more boisterous. Church bells were rung, which usually signified a fire, bringing more people out.

Millar, David R., and Hiller B. Zobel. “The Boston Massacre.” The American Historical Review, vol. 76, no. 1, The American Historical Association, 1971, pp. 187–88, doi:10.2307/1869856.

"The Boston Massacre occurred on "the fateful fifth of March," 1770, when several wigmakers' apprentices began to taunt a lone sentry stationed in front of the Boston customs house. A crowd quickly gathered: Captain Thomas Preston and seven soldiers rushed to the sentry's aid; an order to fire was heard; the soldiers fired; five persons were killed, and others were wounded." DOI: 10.2307/1869856

Phase 3:

Rothera, Evan C. “First Martyr of Liberty: Crispus Attucks in American Memory.” Historical Journal of Massachusetts, vol. 47, no. 2, 2019, pp. 138–140.

This is a source about Crispus Attucks. It fulfills the diversity gap of knowing little from the African American perspective. The description lists this source as well written, thoroughly researched, and filled with the memory of Attucks. Still, though, in history, the article says that he will not have a definitive bio because there is limited information covering this man’s life. I think for this project, there are many more African American men that were probably also not represented in history during the Boston Massacre, and other events.

Wineburg, Sam. “The Silence of the Ellipses: Why History Can’t Be about Telling Our Children Lies.” Phi Delta Kappan, vol. 102, no. 5, 2021, pp. 8–11., https://doi.org/10.1177/0031721721992558.

This is an example of how textbooks are less likely to tell the full truth. The author talks about how the process of writing a textbook can lead to inaccurate information about the history. He used the specific example of Crispus Attucks, an African American who was fighting for American independence, but also as a symbol for African Americans’ struggle for freedom and equality. The diversity gap I identified for the Boston Massacre is that there is not much information from an African American’s perspective, Crispus Attucks is one of the only ones.

Phase 4:

Fact 1 Paragraph- Indeed, many accounts "ignored the racial and class identities of the victims, referring to all the fallen men with the title 'mister,' which would have suggested to readers that all of them-including Attucks-were respectable and white" (17). Proponents of this reinterpretation of the massacre made Attucks and other members of the mob respectable to stir up outrage against the British. Consequently, when angry colonists invoked Attucks' death, many believed him a respectable white gentleman cut down by the myrmidons of a British tyrant.

Fact 1 Summary- African Americans were being falsely represented to be seen and possibly remembered as the typical white soldier until this event.

Fact 2 Paragraph- As Farah Peterson (2018) notes, Black people are allowed onto the stage of American history only if they satisfy certain conditions: "when they intersect with the triumphal tale of the creation of a white American republic." By depicting Crispus Attucks as a hero, lauded by John Adams, The Americans presents an image of a Founding Father and a Black patriot standing together as fellow lovers of liberty. A more honest approach would present Adams' words more completely and prompt an examination of the hoary legacy of race-baiting, stretching from Crispus Attucks to the Scottsboro boys to Michael Brown.

Fact 2 Summary- Black people during this time were only allowed in the spotlight when it was beneficial to the supreme white men and their white American republic.

Article Section-

Adams also described the former slave Crispus Attucks, saying "his very look was enough to terrify any person" and that "with one hand [he] took hold of a bayonet, and with the other knocked the man down."[70] However, two witnesses contradict this statement, testifying that Attucks was 12–15 feet away from the soldiers when they began firing, too far away to take hold of a bayonet.[69] Adams stated that it was Attucks' behavior that, "in all probability, the dreadful carnage of that night is chiefly to be ascribed."[70] He argued that the soldiers had the legal right to fight back against the mob and so were innocent. If they were provoked but not endangered, he argued, they were at most guilty of manslaughter.[71] African Americans were being falsely represented to be seen and possibly remembered as the typical white soldier until this event. Black people during this time were only allowed in the spotlight when it was beneficial to the supreme white men and their white American republic. Farah Peterson, of The American Scholar, states that Adams' speeches during the trial show that his strategy "was to convince the jury that his clients had only killed a black man and his cronies, and that they didn’t deserve to hang for it."[69]